The Sample Plot as a Method of Quantitative Analysis of Chaparral Vegetation in Southern California

Horton, Jerome S.

doi:10.2307/1930730

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…According to Hanes (1971), most chaparral stands in southern California tend to be immature, low-statured, and dominated by chamise (Adenostoma fasiculatum), features that are a consequence of frequent fires. Chamise chaparral is distinguished from other chaparral associations when the presence of chamise exceeds 20% of the total vegetation (Horton 1941).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing post‐fire vegetation recovery of California chaparral using TM/ETM+ time‐series data

Hope

Tague

Clark

2007

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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A time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data derived from 11 TM/ETM + images was used to examine the recovery characteristics of chaparral vegetation in a small watershed near Santa Barbara, California following a fire event in 1985. The NDVI recovery trajectory was compared to a generalized recovery trajectory of leaf area index (LAI) for the same region, which was established using a chronosequence approach and TM/ETM + data. Post-fire NDVI recovery trajectories were derived for the entire catchment and for individual vegetation types. Post-fire NDVI spatial patterns on each image date were compared to the pre-fire pattern to determine the extent to which the pre-fire pattern was re-established, and the rate of this recovery. Results indicated that the post-fire recovery trajectory for the catchment area average NDVI was similar to the previously established regional LAI trajectory based on a chronosequence approach. The NDVI recovery was disrupted by drought stress and attained pre-fire levels approximately 10 years after the fire. Individual vegetation types did not exhibit different rates of recovery and the recovery trajectories were only distinguished by the maximum post-fire NDVI observed after 10 years. The post-fire NDVI spatial pattern also showed a systematic return to pre-fire conditions, but exhibited a more substantial disruption due to drought stress than was the case for the average NDVI recovery trajectory.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing post‐fire vegetation recovery of California chaparral using TM/ETM+ time‐series data

Hope

Tague

Clark

2007

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…The first, he claimed, was instrumental in perpetuating or extending the boundaries of brushfields into forest, whereas the second resulted in increased grasslands at the expense of brushlands. These annual forbs are genetically adapted to the extreme and fluctuating postfire environmental conditions (Horton 1950, Horton and Kraebel 1955, Sweeney 1957 . Horton and Kraebel ( 1955) showed some long-term successional trends in southern California chaparral, but their study was limited to five fire sites and one chaparral type.…”

Section: Chaparral Successionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He believed grassland to be climax and based his contention on the presence of so-called relics. Jepson (1925) and Horton (1950) considered chaparral a transition vegetation which, if not for constantly recurring fires, would eventually be replaced by a tree community. In his study of the transition from desert to chaparral in Baja California, Shreve ( 1936) considered coastal sage and chaparral as one association, coastal sage being one form of chaparral or a transition vegetation.…”

Section: Successional Status Of Chaparralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession after Fire in the Chaparral of Southern California

Hanes¹

1971

Ecological Monographs

433

276

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Extensive sampling of chaparral with 10-m line intercepts in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains of southern California revealed site-oriented vegetative characteristics and successional patterns. Of the 78 species encountered, few were widespread and abundant; most were local and infrequent. The most widespread and abundant species were long-lived rootcrown sprouters. Adenostoma fasciculatum ( chamise), the most frequently encountered shrub, occurred on 71.4% of the sites and composed one-fifth of all shrubs in the study. The second most common species, Quercus dumosa (scrub oak), appeared on 32% of the sites sampled. Many non-sprouting subshrubs and woody species were restricted to elevations below 3,000 ft (ca. 900 m), sunny exposures, and young stands.Chaparral succession, both in composition and rate of change, is influenced most by aspect, particularly north-and south-facing slopes. Next in importance is the influence of coastal and desert exposure. Elevation is a factor that may compensate for coastal-desert exposure or aspect. Percentage of slope is least important. The rate of succession after fire in coastal chaparral is slowest on south-facing slopes below 3,000 ft. Early stages of shrub succession are characterized by a mixture of chaparral seedlings, resprouts, and seedlings of coastal sage subshrubs. Most of the present-day chaparral on south-facing slopes is a coastal sage-chaparral subclimax due to frequent fire. On fire-free sites a chamise-chaparral climax community develops within 30 years after fire. The fastest succession rate is in coastal chaparral on northfacing slopes above 3,000 ft. The profusion of coastal sage subshrubs is missing, and vigorous, tall-growing sprouting species are abundant. The death of large, short-lived species in stands older than 25 years allows pockets of sera! species to develop in the climax scrub oak-chaparral. Chaparral succession is not a series of vegetational replacements, but a gradual ascendance of long-lived species present in the pre-fire stand.The pattern of chaparral succession on desert exposures differs from that on coastal exposures. Slope aspect is less important, but proximity to the Pacific Ocean is more important than on coastal exposures. Fire favors the sprouting species of chaparral over woodland and forest communities bordering the chaparral communities. Fewer chaparral species occur on desert exposures than on coastal ones. Seedling and mature shrub mortality rates are lower in desert than in coastal chaparral. Succession after fire in desert chaparral is slow, and the climax community is composed of large shrub specimens with subshrubs clustered around their skirts and a canopy broken by intershrub spaces.Chaparral stands older than 60 years often are decadent, especially chamise-chaparral. Old stands are characterized by a high proportion of dead wood, little annual growth, and no new seedling development. Various phytotoxic substances may account for the loss of vitality and lack of regeneration. Maintenance of vigorous chamise-...

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“…Plot samplings Quadrats and transects are quantitative methods and have the potential of being statistically rigorous [4,7,44]. They are almost essential for long-term monitoring of vegetation [21].…”

Section: Brief Review On Standard Methods Of Plant Diversity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots are also excellent for sampling vegetation [6,35,72,100]. If enough of them are used and appropriately spread out, an inventory of their contents can give very good measures of structure, composition, and variability of the vegetation [1,4,17,18,23,24,44,65,77]. The species composition data can be converted to diversity measures or response group indices; next, the measures are analyzed to investigate patterns associated with environmental conditions [20,22,56,60,97,98].…”

Section: Brief Review On Standard Methods Of Plant Diversity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Plant Diversity Assessment Combining HPLC Data, Simplex Mixture Design and Discriminant Analysis

Semmar

Jay

Farman

et al. 2007

Environ Model Assess

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The quantitative assessment of plant diversity and its monitoring with time represent a key environmental issue for management and conservation of natural resources. Assessment of plant diversity could be based on chemical analyses of secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids), because of the substantial quantitative and qualitative between-individual variability in such compounds. At a geographical scale, the plant populations become widely dispersed, and their monitoring from numerous routine individual analyses could become restricting. To overcome such constraint, this study develops a multivariate calibration model giving the relative frequency of a particular taxon from a simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a plant mixture. The model was built from a complete set of mixtures combining different taxons, according to an experimental design (Scheffé's matrix). For each mixture, a reference HPLC pattern was simulated by averaging the individual HPLC profiles of the constitutive taxons. The calibration models, based on Bayesian discriminant analysis (BDA), gave statistical relationships between the contributions of each taxon in mixtures and reference HPLC patterns of these mixtures. Finally, these models were validated on new mixtures by using outside plants. This new biodiversity survey approach is illustrated on four chemical taxons (four chemotypes) of Astragalus caprinus (Fabaceae). The more differentiated the taxon, the better predicted its contributions (in mixtures) were by BDA calibration model. This new approach could be very useful for a global routine survey of plant diversity.

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The Sample Plot as a Method of Quantitative Analysis of Chaparral Vegetation in Southern California

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Characterizing post‐fire vegetation recovery of California chaparral using TM/ETM+ time‐series data

Characterizing post‐fire vegetation recovery of California chaparral using TM/ETM+ time‐series data

Succession after Fire in the Chaparral of Southern California

A New Approach to Plant Diversity Assessment Combining HPLC Data, Simplex Mixture Design and Discriminant Analysis

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