The Sagittal Plane Angle and Tunnel-Related Complications in Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Transportal Technique: An In Vivo Imaging Study
“…As variables potentially affecting the GBA, bone tunnel length, angle to the PCA, angle to the distal condylar line, and angle of divergence of the AMB and PLB tunnels were determined. The 3D surface model was projected into the coronal and axial planes to measure the angle to the PCA and angle to the distal condylar line [18]. Two orthopaedic surgeons who were blinded to the tunnel drilling method measured GBA, bone tunnel length, angle to PCA, angle to distal condylar line, and angle of tunnel divergence on two separate occasions with an interval of 1 week.…”
“…As variables potentially affecting the GBA, bone tunnel length, angle to the PCA, angle to the distal condylar line, and angle of divergence of the AMB and PLB tunnels were determined. The 3D surface model was projected into the coronal and axial planes to measure the angle to the PCA and angle to the distal condylar line [18]. Two orthopaedic surgeons who were blinded to the tunnel drilling method measured GBA, bone tunnel length, angle to PCA, angle to distal condylar line, and angle of tunnel divergence on two separate occasions with an interval of 1 week.…”
PurposeThe aim of the present study was to compare 45° and 60° of sagittal femoral tunnel angles in terms of anterior tibial translation (ATT), valgus angle and graft in situ force following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsTen porcine knees were subjected to the following loading conditions: (1) 89 N anterior tibial load at 35° (full extension), 60° and 90° of knee flexion and (2) 5 N m valgus tibial moment at 35° and 45° of knee flexion. ATT and graft in situ force of the intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and ACLR were collected using a robotic universal force/moment sensor (UFS) testing system for (1) ACL intact, (2) ACL‐deficient (ACLD) and (3) two different ACLR using different sagittal femoral tunnel angles (coronal 45°/sagittal 45° and coronal 45°/sagittal 60°).ResultsDuring the anterior tibial load, the femoral tunnel angle of ACLR knees at coronal 45°/sagittal 45° and 60° had significantly higher ATT than that of the ACL‐intact knees at 60° of knee flexion (p < 0.05). The femoral tunnel angle of ACLR knees at coronal 45°/sagittal 60° had significantly lower graft in situ force than that of the ACL‐intact knees at 60° and 90° of knee flexion (p < 0.05). During the valgus tibial moment, the femoral tunnel angle of ACLR knees at coronal 45°/sagittal 45° and 60° had significantly lower graft in situ force than that of the ACL‐intact knees at all knee flexions (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe femoral tunnel angle of ACLR knees at coronal 45°/sagittal 45° provided similar ATT, valgus angle and graft in situ force to that of ACLR knees at coronal 45°/sagittal 60°. Therefore, both femoral tunnel angles could be used in ACLR, as the sagittal femoral tunnel angle does not appear to be relevant in post‐operative knee stability.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.