The safety concerns regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver cancer patients rising mainly from CHB

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in primary liver cancer patients and to identify the risk factors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Methods: The study enrolled 106 patients with primary liver cancer, including 81 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 25 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We analyzed the differences between groups in irAE occurrence, including those with and without targeted drugs and those who received interventional therapy.Results: The incidence of irAEs was 39%, with thyroid function, liver function, and skin events being the most common. There was no correlation among irAE incidence and the liver cancer type, stage, or severity; grade of Child–Pugh score; and Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer classification. However, being overweight was a significant risk factor for irAEs, correlating with high body mass index. The combination of targeted drugs and/or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy did not increase the incidence of irAEs.Conclusion: Being overweight is a potential risk factor for irAEs in primary liver cancer patients. However, there is no correlation between irAE incidence and the liver cancer type, stage, or severity or a combination of targeted drugs or transarterial chemoembolization therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor‑associated diabetes mellitus in patients with HCC: Report of three cases and literature review

“…The median age at the onset of ICI-DM was determined to be 61 years ( 36 ). The combination therapy resulted in an increased risk of immune-related DM compared to a single one ( 37 ). The mean time of onset of ICI-DM was 8.14 weeks (full range, 3.6-45 weeks) ( 38 ).…”

The role of IL-36 and 37 in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Host immunity plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of malignancies, as evidenced by the early successes of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (4) in reactivating compromised host immune responses. However, the application of immune checkpoint blockade in HCC patients has been associated with serious adverse reactions (5,6), including severe hepatic damage (7). Consequently, gaining a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in HCC development is imperative for designing personalized precision medicine approaches that can mitigate these adverse effects and improve patient outcomes.…”

Exploring the clinical significance of IL-38 correlation with PD-1, CTLA-4, and FOXP3 in colorectal cancer draining lymph nodes

“…The introduction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies has heralded a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, presenting markedly improved outcomes for patients who would otherwise confront more severe conditions ( 10 ). Nevertheless, a notable proportion of adverse effects has been observed in cancer patients following anti-PD-1 therapy ( 11 ). For instance, our previous research demonstrated serious adverse responses in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in response to ICIs ( 11 ).…”

“…Nevertheless, a notable proportion of adverse effects has been observed in cancer patients following anti-PD-1 therapy ( 11 ). For instance, our previous research demonstrated serious adverse responses in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in response to ICIs ( 11 ).…”