The safety assessment of Pythium irregulare as a producer of biomass and eicosapentaenoic acid for use in dietary supplements and food ingredients

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3), and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 n-6), have multiple beneficial effects on human health and can be used as an important ingredient in dietary supplements, food, feed and pharmaceuticals. A variety of microorganisms has been used for commercial production of these fatty acids. The microorganisms in the Pythium family, particularly Pythium irregulare, are potential EPA producers. The aim of this work is to provide a safety assessment of P. irregulare so that the EPA derived from this species can be potentially used in various commercial applications. The genus Pythium has been widely recognized as a plant pathogen by infecting roots and colonizing the vascular tissues of various plants such as soybeans, corn and various vegetables. However, the majority of the Pythium species (including P. irregulare) have not been reported to infect mammals including humans. The only species among the Pythium family that infects mammals is P. insidiosum. There also have been no reports showing P. irregulare to contain mycotoxins or cause potentially allergenic responses in humans. Based on the safety assessment, we conclude that P. irregulare can be considered a safe source of biomass and EPA-containing oil for use as ingredients in dietary supplements, food, feed and pharmaceuticals.

Genome-wide sequencing and metabolic annotation of Pythium irregulare CBS 494.86: understanding Eicosapentaenoic acid production

“…Cellulose consumption is associated with the pathogenicity of P. irregulare , which is able to degrade plant cell walls of a wide range of plants (corn, soybeans, wheat, fruit trees, vegetables, cereals, and others). P. irregulare invades and forms haustoria within living plant cells, consuming its nutrients [23, 29, 45, 46]. The mapped candidate genes for cellulose consumption are important to understand the genetic basis of its pathogenicity.…”

“…7) and β-oxidation (EC: 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 1.1.1.211, 2.3.1.16) from eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were identified. However, there is no evidence of DHA production by P. irregulare , according to the review developed by Wu et al [45].…”