The rules for land use, land use change and forestry under the Kyoto Protocol—lessons learned for the future climate negotiations

Höhne, Niklas; Wartmann, Sina; Herold, Anke; Freibauer, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2007.02.001

Cited by 92 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the specific case of the carbon-retention service, the link between the service and the corresponding societal demand is recognized also by the current international agreements. Indeed, according to these rules, only the additional amount of carbon saved by forests, due to human activity, can be accounted as a useful effort to mitigate climate change and under particular conditions, has an economic value (IPCC 2003, Höhne et al 2007. Evaluating, from a correct historical perspective, when each societal demand emerged, and was consequently taken into account by forest management, is essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of forests, only implicitly mentioned in this document, was explicated in 1997 by the Kyoto Protocol where article 3 commits the Parties to quantify the net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from forestry activities, included deforestation (UN 1997). Starting from this document, a long series of further international agreements attributed an increasing role in the international climate change negotiations to forests (Höhne et al 2007). This role is mainly related to the amount of carbon stored by forest ecosystems (both in living biomass and in dead organic matter and soil) and removed from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.…”

Section: The Carbon-retention Provided By Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest functions and space: a geohistorical perspective of European forests

Pilli¹,

Pase²

2018

iForest

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The history of man has been linked to the history of wood since prehistoric times and because the forest is the main place where this resource is available, forest spaces are also directly linked to the evolution of human society. The objective of this paper is to analyze the historical evolution of the functions assigned by humans to forests, highlighting how they affect the production of space from a diachronic perspective. Focusing our attention on some European countries, we highlight that although historically, wood production was the most important function provided by wooded lands, other functions were also attributed to forests. The awareness of these functions emerged when an overexploitation of forest resources produced a lack of a specific service. When these services corresponded to a societal demand, they produced welfare benefits for the society, which were recognized as forest functions. Thus even the functions evolved in time according to the evolution of societal needs. Evaluating when and how each societal demand emerged, and consequently the moment each function was recognized, is an essential prerequisite even for a more accurate interpretation of current forest management practices. Not only is the temporal dimension of forest functions relevant, so is the spatial scale, which may differ considerably between them, ranging from the specific forest area and its owner for the productive function; to the catchment area and its inhabitants for the protective function; to a potentially larger area for the cultural and biodiversity function; and to the entire globe for the carbon-retention function. The strict, and sometimes competing, interactions between these functions may also be recognized in the production of space, which evolved in time according to the evolution of the corresponding societal needs. A forest parcel assigned to a productive function is a material space, marked in the field by colored signs, but it may also be virtually represented by a forest model or be part of some protected area. But this picture would change if, instead of looking at the present, we consider the past and the different sensations and representations concerned with forests. These complex interactions, between different functions and spatial dimensions, justify the need to balance a segregative management system with a wider, multifunctional integrated approach. What has emerged from our study is that to reach this difficult equilibrium, it is useful to consider the production processes of these forest spaces. Through this analytical approach, we can understand the interactions occurring over time between the evolution of the demands expressed by society and the main changes occurred on the forest landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Carbon-retention Provided By Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest functions and space: a geohistorical perspective of European forests

Pilli¹,

Pase²

2018

iForest

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“…While fossil fuel combustion emissions can be estimated relatively quickly and accurately, emissions and biosequestration from land use and forestry activities are dependent on complex biological variables that may be manifest over very long timescales. This complexity is reflected in the provisions for land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) for the first Kyoto Protocol commitment period (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012), which has required a number of separate decisions, written in various documents over decades (Hohne et al 2007). When the Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature in 1997, few would have imagined the complexity that would surround LULUCF policy (Fry 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature in 1997, few would have imagined the complexity that would surround LULUCF policy (Fry 2007). Differential treatment of the LULUCF sector in climate policy is primarily due to the capability of biomass to sequester carbon into physical structures, and the associated issues regarding a quantification of net biological emissions and removals (Hohne et al 2007). Inappropriate differentiation in land use policy can produce unintended consequences in the diversity of sectors dependent on limited terrestrial biological resource inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Australian carbon biosequestration and bioenergy policy co-evolution: mechanisms, mitigation and convergence

McHenry

2012

Australian Forestry

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SummaryThe intricacies of international land-use change and forestry policy reflect the temporal, technical and political difficulty of integrating biological systems and climate change mitigation. The plethora of co-existing policies with varied technical rules, accreditation requirements, accounting methods, market registries, etc., disguise the unequal efficacies of each mechanism. This work explores the co-evolution and convergence of Australian voluntary and mandatory climate-related policies at the biosequestration-bioenergy interface. Currently, there are temporal differences between the fast-evolving and precise climate-change mechanisms, and the long-term 'permanence' sought from land use changes encouraged by biosequestration instruments. Policy convergence that favours the most efficient, appropriate and scientifically substantiated policy mechanisms is required. These policies must recognise the fundamental biological foundation of biosequestration, bioenergy, biomaterial industrial development and other areas such as food security and environmental concerns. Policy mechanisms that provide administrative simplicity, project longevity and market certainty are necessary for rural and regional Australians to cost-effectively harness the considerable climate change mitigation potential of biological systems.

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Environmental change and landslide hazards in Mexico

Dykes¹,

Alcántara-Ayala²

2015

Monitoring and Modelling Dynamic Environments

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The rules for land use, land use change and forestry under the Kyoto Protocol—lessons learned for the future climate negotiations

Cited by 92 publications

References 3 publications

Forest functions and space: a geohistorical perspective of European forests

Forest functions and space: a geohistorical perspective of European forests

Australian carbon biosequestration and bioenergy policy co-evolution: mechanisms, mitigation and convergence

Environmental change and landslide hazards in Mexico

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