Australian carbon biosequestration and bioenergy policy co-evolution: mechanisms, mitigation and convergence

McHenry, Mark P.

doi:10.1080/00049158.2012.10676389

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…wastes . Nonetheless, the impact of bioenergy on food insecurity, poverty, and underutilized lands is dependent on local characteristics including crop species, lands used and available, technologies employed, and the influence of the bioenergy supply chain on existing agricultural systems …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Nonetheless, the impact of bioenergy on food insecurity, poverty, and underutilized lands is dependent on local characteristics including crop species, lands used and available, technologies employed, and the infl uence of the bioenergy supply chain on existing agricultural systems. 5,[13][14][15][16] Th is research considers new applications for cassava (Manihot esculenta), a high calorifi c food that is the staple for 500 million people in the humid tropics, and the third largest carbohydrate source consumed by humans globally. 6 Fresh cassava tubers have around 20-30% starch, and 1% ash content, the remaining being mostly water, upon drying (typically down to 14% moisture) the starch content can increases to approximately 70-85%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rural African renewable fuels and fridges: cassava waste for bioethanol, with stillage mixed with manure for biogas digestion for application with dual‐fuel absorption refrigeration

McHenry

Doepel

Boer

2013

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Full Title: Rural African renewable fuels and fridges: cassava waste for bioethanol, with stillage mixed with manure for biogas digestion for application with dual-fuel absorption refrigeration.Short Title: Rural African cassava waste for bioethanol and biogas for refrigeration.Authors: M P McHenry, D Doepel, K de Boer. Biofuels, Bioproducts, & BiorefiningThe growth and processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Africa produces a range of waste streams which are proving problematic due to their current mismanagement. Although a range of technical solutions exist to convert these waste streams into valuable products there has been very little progress made in applying these solutions. This review provides a broad picture of the cassava waste issue in the context of African agriculture and bioprocessing. As an outcome of the review process the authors propose a simple and scalable two-step process that biologically converts the waste streams into valuable products. The first step in the process is fermentation and distillation of the cassava waste to produce ethanol. The second step is the anaerobic digestion of the fermentation byproducts with other waste streams including animal manure and human excrement to produce biogas and biological fertilisers. Despite the scalability of this system, the focus of this paper is the development of a conceptual system for rural smallholders to achieve multiple beneficial outcomes including: treatment of multiple troublesome waste streams, production of a liquid biofuel, the provision of refrigeration through biogas powered absorption chillers and the coproduction of organic fertilisers.Keywords: Cassava; bioethanol; biogas; waste; sub-Saharan Africa. IntroductionRural agricultural production is a livelihood that directly engages most of the population in sub-Saharan Africa, 1 and new technology and institutional capacity will likely underpin transformation in the sector. 2 In parallel, around 70% of African nations are dependent on energy imports, predominantly liquid fuels, making domestically produced biofuels an attractive option, particularly to stimulate employment and wider economic benefits. 3,4Alternative energy sources are necessary for various reasons, including strategic energy security and also fiscal stability. 4 Unfortunately, sub-Saharan Africa suffers from a combined effect of declining value of their export (primarily agricultural products), and the loss of market share to competitors. 3 Thus, a major challenge is adding value to existing domestic production, and cost-effectively securing domestic energy supplies while stimulating smallscale agricultural system productivity. 1 Parallel sustainable energy development and agricultural productivity gains are fundamental to rural development goals, and great attention is needed to successfully link existing crop production requirements with processes and technologies that best fit local social, economic, and ecological needs. 1, 3Current biofuel support policies remain a concern in relation to sub-Saharan imple...

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confidence: 99%

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Rural African renewable fuels and fridges: cassava waste for bioethanol, with stillage mixed with manure for biogas digestion for application with dual‐fuel absorption refrigeration

McHenry

Doepel

Boer

2013

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The politics of numbers in forest and climate change policies in Australia and the UK

Buizer

Lawrence

2014

Environmental Science & Policy

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Soil carbon market-based instrument pilot – the sequestration of soil organic carbon for the purpose of obtaining carbon credits

et al. 2021

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Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in Australian farming systems has the potential to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Even though methods for soil carbon (C) sequestration have been developed under the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund, the scope for farm-scale soil C sequestration is poorly understood. A pilot scheme was developed in Central West New South Wales to trial the use of a market-based instrument to encourage farmers to change farm management to increase SOC. This paper reports changes to SOC stocks measured on farms that were successfully contracted in the pilot. The 10 contracted farms were those that submitted the lowest bid per Mg CO2-e. Four land uses were contracted in the pilot: (1) reduced tillage cropping (reference); (2) reduced tillage cropping with organic amendments (e.g. biosolids or compost); (3) conversion from cropping land to permanent pasture; and (4) conversion from cropping land to permanent pasture with organic amendments. At each site a minimum of 10 locations (sampling points) were sampled and analysed for total carbon (LECO elemental analyser) and bulk density calculated. The SOC stocks (0–0.3 m) were assessed before (2012) and after the pilot (2017; calculated on equivalent soil mass of 2012), with 60% of sites showing a significant increase. Pasture had a higher rate of SOC sequestration than reduced tillage cropping (1.2 vs 0.28 Mg C ha–1 year–1, 0–0.3 m); and organic amendments had higher rates of SOC sequestration than without (1.14 vs 0.78 Mg C ha–1 year–1, 0–0.3 m). The results of the pilot demonstrated increases in SOC, using quantification methods consistent with the current Measurement Method of the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund policy used to generate Australian Carbon Credit Units. The results require careful interpretation as rates of sequestration are likely to be lower in the longer term than initial rates of change seen in this pilot (five years), and the pilot intentionally selected sites with initially low SOC, which ensured a greater opportunity to sequester SOC.

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Australian carbon biosequestration and bioenergy policy co-evolution: mechanisms, mitigation and convergence

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Rural African renewable fuels and fridges: cassava waste for bioethanol, with stillage mixed with manure for biogas digestion for application with dual‐fuel absorption refrigeration

Rural African renewable fuels and fridges: cassava waste for bioethanol, with stillage mixed with manure for biogas digestion for application with dual‐fuel absorption refrigeration

The politics of numbers in forest and climate change policies in Australia and the UK

Soil carbon market-based instrument pilot – the sequestration of soil organic carbon for the purpose of obtaining carbon credits

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