The rubber damper reinforced by modified silica fume (mSF) as an alternative reinforcing filler in rubber industry

Suntako, Rudeerat

doi:10.1007/s10965-017-1293-5

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Analyzing the data, it is obvious that the minimum torque, which is a numerical value that determines the processability of the material, for the sulfur cross-linked samples increases with the increasing amount of filler (10.5, 14.9, 24.0, and 45.6 dNm for 0, 5, 15, and 30 phr loadings of highly dispersive silica, respectively), which is in accordance with many independent studies about silica-filled elastomers [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The same trend is observed analyzing the maximal torque values (49.8, 52.0, 59.1, and 75.3 dNm for 0, 5, 15, and 30 phr loading of silica, respectively), indicating a drastic increase in the stiffness of the tested materials.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

GTR/NBR/Silica Composites Performance Properties as a Function of Curing System: Sulfur versus Peroxides

et al. 2021

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In this work, conventional sulfur and two types of organic peroxides (dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and di-(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)-benzene (BIB)) curing systems were used to investigate the possibility for tailoring of the performance properties of GTR/NBR blends reinforced with a variable content of highly dispersive silica (0–30 phr). The curing characteristics, static mechanical and acoustical properties, swelling behavior, thermal stability, and microstructure of the prepared composites were investigated. The results show that regardless of the curing system used, increasing the content of highly dispersive silica resulted in the improvement of the mechanical properties of the studied materials. It was observed that sulfur-based systems are the best choice in terms of cross-linking efficiency determined based on torque increment and cross-link density parameters. However, further analysis of the physico-mechanical properties indicated that the cross-linking efficiency does not match the performance of specimens, and the materials obtained using organic peroxides show higher tensile properties. This is due to the improved physical interactions between the GTR/NBR matrix and highly dispersive silica when using peroxide systems. It was confirmed using the analysis of the Wolff activity coefficient, indicating the enhanced synergy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

GTR/NBR/Silica Composites Performance Properties as a Function of Curing System: Sulfur versus Peroxides

et al. 2021

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“…Fillers used in rubber industry are always obtained from fossil fuel like carbon black; hence, scientists have aimed to substitute this fossil fuel usage (Suntako, 2017). Carbon black (CB) has been used as the main reinforcing filler in most applications, because it increases the utilities of rubber goods, but its cost is more than many other types of filler (Fan-Long and Soo-Jin, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica and modified silica fume waste (mSF) as reinforcing fillers for rubber industry

El‐Sabbagh

Ahmed

Mahmoud

et al. 2020

PRT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of commercial silica, silica fume-waste (SF) and modified silica fume-waste (mSF) as reinforcing filler in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) through the mixing process of rubber. The composites were prepared using different loadings of silica fume and commercial silica in EPDM and NBR composites. Structural characterization of silica and SF was done using X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of silica fume waste was modified using poly methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate through emulsion polymerization to increase the interaction between silica and rubber, then consequently better dispersion in rubber matrix was obtained. The mSF waste was characterized using FT-IR spectra and transmission electron microscopy. Design/methodology/approach The investigated rubber mixes and vulcanizates were evaluated by measuring the curing characteristics, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis and morphological studies (SEM). The mechanical properties of composites including tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus were estimated and analyzed. Findings The results revealed that the composites (NBR and EPDM) containing mSF as filler exhibited better rheological and mechanical properties compared to unmodified silica waste and commercial silica. The SEM analysis indicated that the mSF was homogeneously dispersed through the surface of NBR and EPDM composites. Also, results showed that (NBR and EPDM) composites exhibited remarkable improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness in the presence of mSF; they also showed an increase in the thermal stability. This means that the treatment of surface SF can improve its dispersion in rubber. Research limitations/implications Silica cannot be applied in rubber matrix without surface modification because of their incompatibility; their dispersion is not good without surface modification. Practical implications The modified silica surface is considered as effective reinforcing filler which can replace other fillers because of its lower surface energy and enhanced intercalating behavior in rubber. Social implications This study is just a start in establishing rubber projects with wide applications in the industry and providing a cheap local product while preserving the quality and that is the use of factory waste, which helps in protecting the environment from pollution. Originality/value mSF is cheap with relatively high purity, which make rubber/mSF composites appear as new grade of material that can be used in different media rather than rubber.

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“…As a suitable option, a compound comprising EPDM and butyl (IIR) rubbers, along with the addition of 20 parts of carbon black and 20 parts of parafnic oil to achieve rubber with high inherent damping, has been proposed [15]. In a diferent approach, modifed silica fume was utilized as an alternative reinforcing fller to enhance the damping properties of natural rubber [16]. To improve the energy dissipation capability of neat nitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR), various organic small-molecule modifers (AO1035, AO60, and AO80) in diferent amounts were employed [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Seismic Response Evaluation of Chlorobutyl Rubber-Based Viscoelastic Dampers

Roshan-Tabari,

Toopchi-Nezhad,

Hashemi-Motlagh

2024

Shock and Vibration

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Conventional viscoelastic devices often use high-damping elastomeric pads, typically made of patented formulations, that are bonded to steel plates. The response properties of these pads under cyclic shear deformations directly influence the load-deformation hysteretic response of the device. Chlorobutyl (CIIR) is a high-damping rubber commonly used in industrial applications. However, this study found that the damping properties of a typical CIIR rubber compound are insufficient for effective structural seismic mitigation at ambient temperatures above 0°C. The goal of this study was to develop a new composite of CIIR, referred to as modified CIIR, with improved damping properties and to compare its performance with that of the reference CIIR rubber. In the first phase of the experimental studies, the viscoelastic characteristics of the reference and modified CIIR rubber materials were evaluated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in tension mode. Prototype viscoelastic damper devices were then fabricated from both the reference and modified CIIR rubber materials and subjected to cyclic shear tests at room temperature and various loading frequencies. The results showed that the modified CIIR rubber exhibited significantly improved effective damping compared to the reference CIIR. The final component of this study involved investigating the seismic response of a 2D frame structure equipped with prototype dampers made from both reference and modified CIIR materials, using nonlinear time-history analyses. The analysis results indicated that the modified CIIR rubber can be effectively utilized in the seismic response mitigation of structures.

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The rubber damper reinforced by modified silica fume (mSF) as an alternative reinforcing filler in rubber industry

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

GTR/NBR/Silica Composites Performance Properties as a Function of Curing System: Sulfur versus Peroxides

GTR/NBR/Silica Composites Performance Properties as a Function of Curing System: Sulfur versus Peroxides

Silica and modified silica fume waste (mSF) as reinforcing fillers for rubber industry

Experimental Study and Seismic Response Evaluation of Chlorobutyl Rubber-Based Viscoelastic Dampers

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