The Routledge International Handbook of Discrimination, Prejudice and Stereotyping

Abstract

Europe is a continent of immigration, emigration and internal migration. In this chapter, we review recent literature that demonstrates that immigrants to Europe face prejudice, discrimination, and violence. Levels of prejudice, discrimination and violence targeted at immigrants vary between European countries, over time and the particular immigrant group under scrutiny. Classical psychological explanations regarding causes and reasons for rejection are supported in the European context: These include dispositional influences, such as right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation; situational influences, such as high nationalistic identification, intergroup anxiety and threat, lack of contact; and macro-level influences, such as politics and media coverage. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose a model of micro-macro influences on prejudice, discrimination, and violence against immigrants that organizes the existing research and reveals important areas for future research, especially research investigating micro-macro interactions. Looking into the future, we criticise that the continuation of the current walling of Europe against immigrants will reinforce future processes of devaluation and dehumanisation.

Accountability in the Russo-Ukrainian war: Vladimir Putin versus NATO.

“…Referring to the Ukrainian government as a regime also draws a moral boundary that denies, in addition to its legitimacy, the dignity of a sovereign government. This type of dehumanization (see Tileagă, 2016) justifies and rationalizes the escalation of hostilities toward Ukraine.…”

Dehumanization through humour and conspiracies in online hate towards Chinese people during the COVID‐19 pandemic

“…However, it is worth noting that these differences were not straightforward, as the three forms of dehumanization were interconnected and could be found in all discourses. These discourses did not grow independently but reflected political, cultural and ideological factors (Tileagă, 2016 ), such as the fact that the virus was first found in Wuhan, China and traced to food markets selling wild animals (Xiao et al, 2020 ). As our study shows, the scapegoating and conspiracies spreading online frequently mentioned the origins of the virus, but other aspects of China, such as the country's human rights violations, were also used to legitimatize hatred towards Chinese people and their nation.…”

“…The justification of collective hate may require more complex rhetorical work, such as conspiratorial and humoristic discourse. This makes discursive approaches suitable for analysing hate speech and the rhetorical and ideological patterns that legitimize the expression of hate (Billig, 2002 ; Cervone et al, 2021 ; Tileagă, 2016 ). In line with the work of Tileagă ( 2016 ), we see discourse analysis as a useful approach for uncovering the ways in which hate speech is constructed, reproduced and legitimized in and through discursive actions and draw on the ideologically, culturally and politically formed repository of shared knowledge.…”

“…This makes discursive approaches suitable for analysing hate speech and the rhetorical and ideological patterns that legitimize the expression of hate (Billig, 2002 ; Cervone et al, 2021 ; Tileagă, 2016 ). In line with the work of Tileagă ( 2016 ), we see discourse analysis as a useful approach for uncovering the ways in which hate speech is constructed, reproduced and legitimized in and through discursive actions and draw on the ideologically, culturally and politically formed repository of shared knowledge. As Tileagă and Stokoe ( 2015 ) outline, since its inception in the late 80s and early 90s, discursive psychology (DP) has developed along two main trajectories – one that leans more on the traditions of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, and another that represents itself as a ‘critical’ approach to DP that is more closely aligned with post‐structuralism and the analysis of conversational detail using wider cultural‐historical contexts.…”

Percepción de amenaza a la seguridad ciudadana asociada a la etnicidad de migrantes

“…El estudio de la percepción social cuenta con una vasta producción científi ca y se enfoca en cómo las personas o los grupos de personas forman impresiones y hacen inferencias sobre otras personas o grupos a través de mecanismos de correspondencia relacional, con el fi n de encontrar en el otro similitudes y rasgos de identifi cación interpersonal o intergrupal. Cuando las diferencias entre la persona o grupo de personas que percibe y la persona o grupo de personas que están siendo percibidas son signifi cativas, se asientan las bases de un confl icto (Tileaga et al, 2022;McGarty et al, 2004). Las percepciones negativas hacia las personas o grupos externos suelen estar basadas en nociones etnocéntricas y tienden al autoritarismo como herramienta de justifi cación de la diferencia (Eco, 2012).…”