The route to the development of basal stem rot resistance in oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) via the discovery of lignin degradation process in the pathogen<i>Ganoderma boninense</i>

Tan, Joon Sheong; Lee, Yang-Ping; Sulaiman, Siti Suhana; Camus-Kulandaivelu, Létizia; Klopp, Christophe; Mercière, Maxime; Breton, Frédéric; Durand‐Gasselin, Tristan; Alwee, Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1205.42

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The symptoms associated with BSR caused by G. boninense in oil palm are deterioration in water absorption and nutrient deficiency in the foliage of the affected palms, chlorosis, the accumulation of spears, the bending of the leaves until flattening of the crown at advanced stages, and the presence of basidiocarps at the base of the plants [ 28 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], corroborating the symptoms observed in plantations affected by BSR in Colombia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia

Castillo¹,

Rodríguez²,

González-Concha³

et al. 2022

JoF

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Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma spp., is one of the most important emerging oil palm diseases in Colombia, and is restricted to two oil palm production areas in the country. To identify the causal agent of the disease, basidiocarp of oil palms affected by BSR were used to prepare isolates, and their pathogenicity was then assessed in pre-nursery plants. Four-month-old oil palm seedlings were inoculated with rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) blocks colonized with dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma. The incidence, severity, and symptoms of the pathogen were assessed. A multiregional analysis (ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α) was carried out to identify the isolates; all isolates were determined to be Ganoderma zonatum. Phylogenetic analyses with the three regions yielded concordant phylogenetic information and supported the distinction of the isolates with high bootstrap support. Seven isolates (CPBsZN-01-29, CPBsZN-02-30, CPBsZN-03-31, CPBsZN-04-34, CPBsZN-05-35, CPBsZN-06-36, and CPBsZN-07-38) were pathogenic in oil palm, with incidences greater than 90% and a maximum severity of 34%, and the highest severity index was found in isolates CPBsZN-03-31, CPBsZN-04-34, and CPBsZN-06-36. The pathogen was recovered from inoculated oil palms in all cases. This study reveals the pathogenic association of Ganoderma zonatum with BSR in Colombia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia

Castillo¹,

Rodríguez²,

González-Concha³

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…These pathogens produce small cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), including cellulase, laccase, polygalacturonase and manganese peroxidase, to soften and loosen the host cell wall without detrimentally affecting the host cells [ 46 ]. During early infection of the oil palm root, G. boninense hyphae will colonize the roots and secrete trace amounts of CWDEs, including polygalacturonase and laccase [ 47 , 48 ], to enable the establishment of a continued supply of nutrients from the living cells of their hosts. The secreted CWDEs will then degrade the host cell wall and affect the integrity of the cell-wall polysaccharides by triggering the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) molecules by the host [ 47 , 49 ].…”

Section: Plant–microbe Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several genes encoding CWDEs, especially transcripts involved in the lignin degradation process, including the laccase genes, were up-regulated in a carbon-rich culture incorporating oil palm sawdust [ 48 ]. Laccase has diverse biological functions, and several studies have shown that fungal laccases also play a role in pathogenicity.…”

Section: G Boninense Multi-omics Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G. boninense ‘s genome possesses 33 laccase encoding genes. However, the expression levels of these laccase genes were unique depending on the aggressiveness of the G. boninense strain; high virulence (I13), moderate virulence (NJ3) and low virulence (G13) with 11, 7 and 5 laccase genes, respectively, were up-regulated [ 48 ]. It was postulated that the differentially expressed laccase transcripts between isolates were related to the capability of the strain to degrade the stem.…”

Section: G Boninense Multi-omics Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review Update on the Life Cycle, Plant–Microbe Interaction, Genomics, Detection and Control Strategies of the Oil Palm Pathogen Ganoderma boninense

Bharudin

Wahab

Samad

et al. 2022

Biology

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Plant pathogens are key threats to agriculture and global food security, causing various crop diseases that lead to massive economic losses. Palm oil is a commodity export of economic importance in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. However, the sustainability of oil palm plantations and production is threatened by basal stem rot (BSR), a devastating disease predominantly caused by the fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. In Malaysia, infected trees have been reported in nearly 60% of plantation areas, and economic losses are estimated to reach up to ~USD500 million a year. This review covers the current knowledge of the mechanisms utilized by G. boninense during infection and the methods used in the disease management to reduce BSR, including cultural practices, chemical treatments and antagonistic microorganism manipulations. Newer developments arising from multi-omics technologies such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) are also reviewed. Future directions are proposed to increase the understanding of G. boninense invasion mechanisms against oil palm. It is hoped that this review can contribute towards an improved disease management and a sustainable oil palm production in this region.

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“…This BSR disease is the most devastating and prevalent disease in oil palm (Alexander et al 2017) and has been the root cause for the significant loss of income in Indonesia and Malaysia (Alexander et al 2017;Fowotade et al 2019). The oil palm plantations are suffering significant damage of oil palms at the early stages and this has directly decreased the oil yield (Tan et al 2018). It is therefore, ways of controlling the disease need to be researched and implemented so as to sustain the palm oil industry in this region (Hushiarian et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Environment and Nutritional Conditions on mycelial growth of Ganoderma boninense

Peng¹,

Yap²,

Ren³

et al. 2019

IJOP

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The basal stem rot disease is caused by the soil-borne pathogen, Ganoderma boninense. It is an annihilating and widespread disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The nutritional studies were conducted to know the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, ideal pH regimes, the best humidity and optimum temperature required for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of six carbon sources tested, fructose and glucose proved to be the best carbon sources for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of five nitrogen sources tested, ammonium citrate and ammonium nitrate were noticeably found as the best nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth. Studies on different pH regimes in medium with 83% potatoes and 75% lignocellulosic materials revealed that the ideal pH regimes for the mycelial growth were 4-5. The best humidity for mycelial growth of G. boninense was found between 50-60%. It is suitable to grow between 25 and 32 °C, while the optimum temperature is 32 °C. This information can be used as a guideline for Ganoderma's disease prevention study and control strategies in the oil palm plantation in the future.

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The route to the development of basal stem rot resistance in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) via the discovery of lignin degradation process in the pathogenGanoderma boninense

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia

Ganoderma zonatum Is the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm in Colombia

Review Update on the Life Cycle, Plant–Microbe Interaction, Genomics, Detection and Control Strategies of the Oil Palm Pathogen Ganoderma boninense

Effects of Environment and Nutritional Conditions on mycelial growth of Ganoderma boninense

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