The roles of plasmids in phytopathogenic bacteria: mobile arsenals?

Vivian, Alan; Murillo, Jesús; Jackson, Robert W.

doi:10.1099/00221287-147-4-763

Cited by 93 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Mobile genetic elements also play an important role in the evolution of pathogenic or symbiotic bacteria (Arnold et al, 2003;Hacker and Kaper, 2000;Vivian et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2005). Comparative genome analysis, e.g., of different E. coli strains, revealed that HGT, gene loss and repeated IS element-mediated chromosomal rearrangements played an important role in the evolution of bacterial genomes, and that pathogenicity islands (PAIs) have the potential for ongoing rearrangements, deletions and insertions (Brzuszkiewicz et al, 2006).…”

Section: Real-time Adaptation By Hgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 kbp was not related to any of the known BHR plasmids except to plasmid pSB102 (Schneiker et al, 2001). Sequencing of plant-associated bacteria revealed that many phytopathogenic and symbiotic bacteria carry plasmids (Vivian et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2005), pathogenicity islands (Arnold et al, 2003) or integrons (Gillings et al, 2005).…”

Section: Mges In Bacterial Communities Of Agricultural Settings Prevamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence analysis of one of these Pseudomonas plasmids revealed that the functions of almost all putative genes still need to be investigated to get an idea about their contribution to host fitness in the phytosphere. Vivian et al (2001) reviewed the role of plasmids in phytopathogenic bacteria and stressed the paucity of knowledge concerning almost all aspects of plasmid biology among phytopathogenic bacteria. This notion can be extended to the molecular biology and ecology of most MGEs associated with plant-associated or soil bacteria.…”

Section: Contribution Of Mges To the Adaptability And Diversity Of Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traits encoded on plasmids found in phytopathogenic strains range from cytokinin, ethylene, indolacetic acid, UV resistance, streptomycin or copper resistance, toxins such as coronatine to avirulence genes (Vivian et al, 2001). While avirulence genes or toxin-encoding genes are often found on plasmids, the genes encoding the specialized protein secretion machinery (termed type III secretion system), which is required to deliver proteins to plant cells, are more often located on PAIs in the chromosome (Arnold et al, 2003).…”

Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria

Heuer¹,

Smalla²

2007

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the acquisition of foreign genes by organisms. The occurrence of HGT among bacteria in the environment is assumed to have implications in the risk assessment of genetically modified bacteria which are released into the environment. First, introduced genetic sequences from a genetically modified bacterium could be transferred to indigenous micro-organisms and alter their genome and subsequently their ecological niche. Second, the genetically modified bacterium released into the environment might capture mobile genetic elements (MGE) from indigenous micro-organisms which could extend its ecological potential. Thus, for a risk assessment it is important to understand the extent of HGT and genome plasticity of bacteria in the environment. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge on HGT between bacteria as a crucial mechanism contributing to bacterial adaptability and diversity. In view of the use of GM crops and microbes in agricultural settings, in this mini-review we focus particularly on the presence and role of MGE in soil and plant-associated bacteria and the factors affecting gene transfer.

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Section: Real-time Adaptation By Hgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mges In Bacterial Communities Of Agricultural Settings Prevamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of Mges To the Adaptability And Diversity Of Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria

Heuer¹,

Smalla²

2007

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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“…In pathogenic bacteria, plasmids are usually considered as being non-essential genetic elements that confer a selective advantage under specific conditions (Stewart et al, 2005;Vivian et al, 2001). Whether plasmids are required for S. citri survival in nature is unknown.…”

Section: Expanding the Genetic Toolbox Of Spiroplasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the replication and stability regions of Spiroplasma citri plasmids identifies a novel replication protein and expands the genetic toolbox for plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas

et al. 2008

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Spiroplasma citri strain GII3 contains seven plasmids, pSciA and pSci1-6, that share extensive regions of sequence homology and display a mosaic gene organization. Plasmid pSci2 comprises 12 coding sequences (CDS), three of which encode polypeptides homologous to proteins Soj/ ParA, involved in chromosome partitioning, and TrsE and Mob/TraG, implicated in the type IV secretion pathway. One CDS encodes the adhesin-like protein ScARP3d whereas the other eight encode polypeptides with no homology to known proteins. The pSci2 CDS pE and soj have counterparts in all seven plasmids. Through successive deletions, various pSci2 derivatives were constructed and assessed for their ability to replicate by transformation of S. citri 44, a strain which has no plasmid. The smallest functional replicon was found to contain a single CDS (pE) and its flanking intergenic regions. Shuttle (S. citri/Escherichia coli) plasmids, in which CDS pE was disrupted, failed to replicate in S. citri, suggesting that PE is the replication protein of the S. citri plasmids. Successive propagations of pSci2-derived transformed spiroplasmas, in the absence of selection pressure, revealed that only pSci2 derivatives having an intact soj gene were stably maintained, indicating that the soj-encoded polypeptide is most likely involved in plasmid partitioning. Upon transformation, pSci2 derivatives, including shuttle (S. citri/E. coli) plasmids, were shown to replicate in all S. citri strains tested regardless of whether the strain possesses endogenous plasmids, such as strain GII3, or not, such as strain R8A2. In addition, the pSci replicons were introduced efficiently into the plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas Spiroplasma kunkelii and Spiroplasma phoeniceum, the transformation of which had never, to our knowledge, been described before. These studies show that, besides their implications for the biology of S. citri, the pSci plasmids hold considerable promise as vectors of general use for genetic studies of plantpathogenic spiroplasmas. As an example, a HA-tagged S. citri protein was expressed in S. kunkelii. Detection of pE-hybridizing sequences in various group I spiroplasma species indicated that pE replicating plasmids were not restricted to the three plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas. INTRODUCTIONSpiroplasmas are a group of helical, cell-wall-free bacteria belonging to the class Mollicutes. Three spiroplasma species, Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et al., 1973), Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb et al., 1986) and Spiroplasma phoeniceum (Saillard et al., 1987), have been associated with plant diseases. S. citri is the aetiological agent of the citrus stubborn and horseradish brittle root diseases and was the first plant mollicute to be cultured in vitro (Fletcher et al., 1981;Saglio et al., 1971). Since then, S. citri has been studied extensively (Bové et al., 1989(Bové et al., , 2003. The availability of both an experimental transmission assay via the leafhopper vector (Foissac et al., 1996) and gene transfer systems (Foissac et al., 1997;Renaudin, 2002;Renaudi...

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