The roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in the prognosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer

Xu, Yichi; Song, Gendi; Xie, Shangdan; Jiang, Wenxiao; Chen, Xin; Chu, Maoping; Hu, Xiaoli; Wang, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.029

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Prostate cancer, as a “cold” tumor, is challenging to diagnose and treat because of its indolence. Several Phase I and II trials evaluating programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown a weak effect on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( 44 ). The only prostate cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, was approved by the US FDA in 2010 for the treatment of asymptomatic or mild mCRPC, but it is not popular ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world and become a new virus threatening the health of all mankind. The survey found that prostate cancer accounts for one in three male cancer patients infected with COVID-19. This undoubtedly makes prostate cancer patients face a more difficult situation. Prostate cancer is the second most harmful malignant tumor in men because of its insidious onset, easy metastasis, and easy development into castration-resistant prostate cancer even after treatment. Due to its high immunogenicity and a small number of specific infiltrating T cells with tumor-associated antigens in the tissue, it is difficult to obtain a good therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blocking therapy alone. Therefore, in the current study, we developed a platform carrying Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded black phosphate nanometer combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) and found this drug combination stimulated the immungentic cell death (ICD) process in PC-3 cells and DC maturation. More importantly, zinc ions have a good immunomodulatory function against infectious diseases, and can improve the killing ability of the nanosystem against prostate cancer cells. The introduction of Aptamer (Apt) enhances the targeting of the entire nanomedicine. We hope that this excellent combination will lead to effective treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients infected with COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs can block the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and exert its effect [ 34 ]. There is still controversy about the relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognosis, but most studies have shown that the high PD-L1 protein expression is associated with poor prognosis [ 35 – 38 ]. In this study, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognosis was analyzed from the mRNA level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analysis of PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor microenvironment in LUAD: differences between Asians and Caucasians

et al. 2021

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Backgrounds The characteristics of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients are closely related to immunotherapy, and there are differences between Asians and Caucasians. Methods Acquire the transcriptome data of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese LUAD patients. R software was used to analyze the differential expression of genes, prognosis, and gene function. Use CIBERSORT for TIL-related analysis and ESTIMATE for TME-related analysis. Results The expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues of Caucasian LUAD patients was lower than that in normal tissues, while there was no significant difference in Asians. There was no statistical difference between PD-L1 expression and prognosis. The composition of TILs between Caucasian and Asian LUAD patients was quite different. There was no correlation between TILs and prognosis in Caucasians. However, the higher content of resting mast cells indicated a better prognosis in Asians. The Caucasian patients with higher immune and estimate scores had a better prognosis (p = 0.021, p = 0.025). However, the Asian patients with a higher estimate score had a worse prognosis (p = 0.024). The high expression of COL5A2 (p = 0.046, p = 0.027) and NOX4 (p = 0.020, p = 0.019) were both associated with the poor prognosis in Caucasians and Asians. Conclusion There are many differences in the characteristics of PD-L1 expression, TILs, and TME between Caucasian and Asian LUAD patients. This provides a certain hint for the selection of specific immunotherapy strategies separately for Caucasian and Asian LUAD patients.

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“…Unfortunately, cancer cells suppress T-cell activation by hijacking the checkpoint pathway, and thus avoiding immune attack 24 . The crucial checkpoint molecule, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1, express on the surface of activated T lymphocytes) binds to programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, overexpression on the surface of cancer cells), causing tumor immune escape and promoting tumor progression 25 , 26 , 27 . Therefore, regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction represents a considerable strategy for tumor immunotherapy.…”

Section: Mediating Homo-dimerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular glues modulate protein functions by inducing protein aggregation: A promising therapeutic strategy of small molecules for disease treatment

Yao

et al. 2022

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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The roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in the prognosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer

Cited by 62 publications

References 121 publications

Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19

Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19

Comprehensive analysis of PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor microenvironment in LUAD: differences between Asians and Caucasians

Molecular glues modulate protein functions by inducing protein aggregation: A promising therapeutic strategy of small molecules for disease treatment

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