Highlights d Quantitative lipidomic and metabolomic profiling of COVID-19 plasma d Plasma metabolite panel distinguished COVID-19 from healthy controls (AUC = 0.975) d Differential correlation analyses uncovered metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19 d GM3-enriched exosomes are positively correlated with COVID-19 pathogenesis

Heat stress (HS) annually causes huge losses to global dairy industry, including animal performance decrease, metabolic disorder and health problem. So far, physiological mechanisms underlying HS of dairy cows still remain elusive. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to elucidate the HS-induced metabolic disorders of dairy cows using integrated (1)H NMR and LC-MS-based metabolic study. The results not only provided potential diagnostic biomarkers for HS lactating dairy cows, but also significantly explored the related physiological mechanisms of metabolic pathway shifts induced by HS environment. This work offers comprehensive insights into the global metabolic alterations of dairy cows exposed to HS and provides a new perspective for further study.

Heat stress (HS) damages the global dairy industry by reducing milk yields and quality, harming health, and damaging the reproduction of dairy cows, causing huge economic losses each year. However, an understanding of the physiological mechanism of HS lactating dairy cows remains elusive. Here, a metabolomics study using LC-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed to analyze the metabolomic differences in the milk between HS-free and HS dairy cows, and discover diagnostic biomarkers and changes in the metabolic pathway. A total of 53 discriminating metabolites were significantly up- or down-regulated in the HS group compared with the HS-free group (P < 0.05). These biomarkers were involved in pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and gut microbiome-derived metabolism. Comparing these potential biomarkers with previously identified HS candidate biomarkers in plasma, significant correlations between the levels of lactate, pyruvate, creatine, acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate, trimethylamine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0, and phosphatidylcholine 42:2 in milk and plasma were found, indicating that the blood-milk barrier became leaky and the levels of these 10 biomarkers in milk can reflect HS-induced metabolomic alterations in blood. These novel findings can support more in-depth research to elucidate the milk-based changes in metabolic pathways in HS lactating dairy cows.

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream from either primary or metastatic tumors during an intermediate stage of metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy has also become an important focus of cancer research. Thus, to study the relationship between CTCs and immunotherapy is extremely necessary and valuable to improve the treatment of cancer. In this review, based on the advancements of CTC isolation technologies, we mainly discuss the clinical applications of CTCs in cancer immunotherapy and the related immune mechanisms of CTC formation. In order to fully understand CTC formation, sufficiently and completely understood molecular mechanism based on the different immune cells is critical. This understanding is a promising avenue for the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CTCs.

Summary Time of eating synchronizes circadian rhythms of metabolism and physiology. Inverted feeding can uncouple peripheral circadian clocks from the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, system-wide changes of circadian metabolism and physiology entrained to inverted feeding in peripheral tissues remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a 24-h global profiling of transcripts and metabolites in mouse peripheral tissues to study the transition kinetics during inverted feeding, and revealed distinct kinetics in phase entrainment of diurnal transcriptomes by inverted feeding, which graded from fat tissue (near-completely entrained), liver, kidney, to heart. Phase kinetics of tissue clocks tracked with those of transcriptomes and were gated by light-related cues. Integrated analysis of transcripts and metabolites demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation entrained completely to inverted feeding in heart despite the slow kinetics/resistance of the heart clock to entrainment by feeding. This multi-omics resource defines circadian signatures of inverted feeding in peripheral tissues ( www.CircaMetDB.org.cn ).

, the gene that causes Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2), is important for adipocyte differentiation and lipid homeostasis. Previous studies in revealed that Seipin promotes ER calcium homeostasis through the Ca-ATPase SERCA, but little is known about the events downstream of perturbed ER calcium homeostasis that lead to decreased lipid storage in mutants. Here, we show that glycolytic metabolites accumulate and the downstream mitochondrial TCA cycle is impaired in mutants. The impaired TCA cycle further leads to a decreased level of citrate, a critical component of lipogenesis. Mechanistically, Seipin/SERCA-mediated ER calcium homeostasis is important for maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. Reduced mitochondrial calcium in mutants affects the TCA cycle and mitochondrial function. The lipid storage defects in mutant fat cells can be rescued by replenishing mitochondrial calcium or by restoring the level of citrate through genetic manipulations or supplementation with exogenous metabolites. Together, our results reveal that Seipin promotes adipose tissue lipid storage via calcium-dependent mitochondrial metabolism.

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Metabolomics, which is based mainly on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas-chromatography (GC) or liquid-chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) analytical technologies to systematically acquire the qualitative and quantitative information of low-molecular-mass endogenous metabolites, provides a direct snapshot of the physiological condition in biological samples. As complements to transcriptomics and proteomics, it has played pivotal roles in agricultural and food science research. In this review, we discuss the capacities of NMR, GC/LC-MS in the acquisition of plant metabolome, and address the potential promise and diverse applications of metabolomics, particularly lipidomics, to investigate the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana, a primary plant model for agricultural research, to environmental stressors including heat, freezing, drought, and salinity.