The Roles of Neutrophils in Cytokine Storms

Chan, Lily; Karimi, Negar; Morovati, Solmaz; Alizadeh, Kasra; Kakish, Julia E.; Vanderkamp, Sierra; Fazel, Fatemeh; Napoleoni, Christina; Alizadeh, Kimia; Mehrani, Yeganeh; Minott, Jessica A.; Bridle, Byram W.; Karimi, Khalil

doi:10.3390/v13112318

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(215 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The rapid innate immunity against COVID-19 is mounted by IFNs, activation of macrophages and neutrophils leading to proinflammatory cytokine production. Cytokine storm is spearheaded by hyperactivation of neutrophils and monocytes [8]. Accordingly, neutrophilia and increased NLR have also emerged as significant biomarkers of disease severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Kurien¹,

David²,

Chellappan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic gained ground in India, starting from a few cases and spreading to the whole country; eventually becoming the second-most affected country worldwide. Here, we present the clinical and laboratory profile and the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. The study comes from Kerala, a region that reported the first case in India. Kerala has the second-highest case burden in the country but also has managed to keep the case fatality rate down below the national average. MethodologyThis is a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study on 391 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive inpatients between September 2020 and October 2020. Hematological parameters, coagulation parameters, liver function tests (LFT), and renal function tests (RFT) results were collected and compared among survivors and non-survivors to identify predictive biomarkers of mortality. ResultsThe mean age of all patients was 53.2 years (SD 17.0). On bivariate analyses, the mean values of total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer at admission, prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT INR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors: mean (SD) 11.9 (7.6) vs 7.5 (4.2) (x10 9 /L), 10.5 (7.4) vs 5.3 (4.1) (x10 9 /L), 11.6 (13.5) vs 3.4 (3.5), 185 (117) vs 48 (85) (mg/L), 829.4 (551.2) vs 323.6 (374.1) (ng/ml), 905.5 (589.1) vs 485.1 (353.9) (U/L), 4.01 (3.53) vs 1.29 (2.08) (µg/ml), 1.21 (0.42) vs 0.99 (0.18), 105.1 (91.4) vs 33.6 (31.0) (mg/dl), 3.6 (4.1) vs 1.1 (1.6) (mg/dl), respectively, p < 0.001. Absolute lymphocyte count, serum albumin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were lower in non-survivors than in survivors (mean (SD) 1.3 (1.0) vs 2.0 (0.9) (x10 9 /L), p < 0.001; 3.0 (0.7) vs 3.8 (2.1) (g/dl), p 0.005; 0.9 (0.3) vs 1.2 (0.4), p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified ANC, D-dimer at admission, CRP, and BUN as independent prognostic factors associated with mortality. ConclusionSeveral accessible tests like TLC, ANC, NLR, and BUN can be used in low-resource settings to assess severity in patients with COVID-19. In addition, ANC, D-dimer at admission, CRP, and BUN can be used as independent predictors of in-patient mortality in COVID-19 patients in hospital settings.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Kurien¹,

David²,

Chellappan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An adequate antibody response can, in turn, increase T lymphocyte activity (CD4+ T helper) and lead to higher stimulation of B lymphocytes to produce higher levels of antibodies ( 20 , 40 , 41 ). It has been shown that there is a correlation between CD4+ T helper cell response to viral spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA titer levels ( 42 – 46 ). In general, based on our findings, it can be concluded that seroconversion rates in patients with hematologic malignancies are lower than in patients with solid tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Malignancy; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundData on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with malignancy are immature. In this paper, we assessed the literature involving the use of COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients and reported the seroconversion rates as the main outcome and severity of COVID-19 infection and side effects following COVID-19 vaccination as the secondary outcomes.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. Searches were conducted in electronic websites, databases, and journals, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from January 01, 2019, to November 30, 2021. Studies reporting data on the safety and efficacy of COVID vaccine in cancer patients using any human samples were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the NEWCASTLE-OTTAWA scale in the included studies.ResultsA total of 724 articles were identified from databases, out of which 201 articles were duplicates and were discarded. Subsequently, 454 articles were excluded through initial screening of the titles and abstracts. Moreover, 41 studies did not report the precise seroconversion rate either based on the type of cancer or after injection of a second dose of COVID vaccine. Finally, 28 articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The overall seroconversion rates after receiving a second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, based on type of cancer were 88% (95% CI, 81%-92%) and 70% (95% CI, 60%-79%) in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, respectively.ConclusionOverall, we conclude that vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with active malignancies using activated and inactivated vaccines is a safe and tolerable procedure that is also accompanied by a high efficacy.

show abstract

“…Several studies have reported that hyper-inflammation accompanied by an increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leads to injury to alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells [ 42 ], and also correlates with the severity of COVID-19 [ 43 ]. A significant contribution to the development of an uncontrolled hyper-inflammatory immune response and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines can be made by leukocytes of human peripheral blood [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. To simulate the proinflammatory microenvironment of pulmonary epithelial cells, we used PBMC activated by LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an In Vitro Model of SARS-CoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury for Studying New Therapeutic Approaches

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the causes of death of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the induced respiratory failure caused by excessive activation of the immune system, the so-called “cytokine storm”, leading to damage to lung tissue. In vitro models reproducing various stages of the disease can be used to explore the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to treating the consequences of a cytokine storm. We have developed an in vitro test system for simulating damage to the pulmonary epithelium as a result of the development of a hyperinflammatory reaction based on the co-cultivation of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cells) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this model, after 24 h of co-cultivation, a sharp decrease in the rate of proliferation of A549 cells associated with the intrinsic development of oxidative stress and, ultimately, with the induction of PANoptotic death were observed. There was a significant increase in the concentration of 40 cytokines/chemokines in a conditioned medium, including TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-1a, which corresponded to the cytokine profile in patients with severe manifestation of COVID-19. In order to verify the model, the analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of well-known substances (dexamethasone, LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), polymyxin B), as well as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was carried out. Dexamethasone and polymyxin B restored the proliferative activity of A549 cells and reduced the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. MSC demonstrated an ambivalent effect through stimulated production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that regenerate lung tissue. LPS-RS and EVs showed no significant effect. The developed test system can be used to study molecular and cellular pathological processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for the correction of hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 patients.

show abstract

The Roles of Neutrophils in Cytokine Storms

Cited by 31 publications

References 193 publications

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Malignancy; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety

Development of an In Vitro Model of SARS-CoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury for Studying New Therapeutic Approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About