The roles of human capital and social capital in the economic integration of new arrivals from Mainland China to Hong Kong

Chou, Kee Lee; Chow, Nws

doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.08.001

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Social capital refers to the immigrants' relationship with other people and their ability to make use of the relationship to improve their economic well-being in the host society. Additionally, the family network and friend network are the most common social capital used by immigrants [35]. Moreover, the friend network is perceived as a more efficient route to economic integration as it can provide more valuable and diversified information related to employment while information provided by the family network is quite familiar to the individuals.…”

Section: Active Economic Integration: Informality Social and Human Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This presumption has been proven by a study on day labor worker centers in the United States where immigrants, who seek employment information through a friend network built up at the worker centers, are more likely to be employed than their compatriots who stay at home and seek information through the family network [36]. However, although the friend network is more efficient, immigrants generally rely on the family network as it is difficult to truly get in with others, especially the natives [22,35]. In this regard, intermarriage with the natives becomes a compromised route to building up both the family and friend networks simultaneously, which exerts positive effects on male immigrants in Sweden [26].…”

Section: Active Economic Integration: Informality Social and Human Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Passive to Active: A Multiplayer Economic Integration Process of Turkish Immigrants in Berlin

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Recently, economic integration of lower-skill immigrants in Western countries has become the most researched area in ethnic studies. Traditional studies have highlighted the influences of immigration policy and economic structure in the host society. This paradigm perceives immigrants as a passive actor in the economic integration process. Recently, more studies have paid attention to the active influence of lower-skill immigrants (e.g., informality, social and human capital accumulation, ethnic economy), presenting an academic transformation from passive to active economic integration. However, this transformation is disputed as the lower-skill immigrants' active integration behavior does not affirmatively represent successful economic integration. Moreover, inspired by the "three-way approach" model, whether lower-skill immigrants could successfully integrate may also depend on actors beyond the natives and lower-skill immigrants (e.g., visitors). In this sense, two questions remain uncertain: (1) In the process of an active economic integration, what are the roles played by the two traditionally highlighted actors? (2) Enlightened by the "three-way approach" model, is there a third or fourth actor exerting influences in the active economic integration process? To answer these questions, from a food ethnic economy perspective, we analyzed how actors play roles in the Turkish immigrants' economic integration process in Mitte, Berlin. Through our fieldwork observations and interviews, we concluded that (1) there are four actors in total (e.g., Turkish immigrants, Germans, non-Turkish immigrants, and transnational visitors) in the Turkish integration process, presenting a multiplayer model distinct from the traditional bi-player research framework; (2) Turkish immigrants launched the Turkish food ethnic economy through actively adjusting their ethnic food's eating forms; (3) Germans promote the economic integration of Turkish immigrants by providing a larger market for Turkish ethnic food; and (4) non-Turkish immigrants and transnational visitors also promote the integration process through consumption.

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Section: Active Economic Integration: Informality Social and Human Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Economic Integration: Informality Social and Human Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Passive to Active: A Multiplayer Economic Integration Process of Turkish Immigrants in Berlin

et al. 2018

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“…Immigrants experience difficulties in effectively translating educational resources obtained in China into economic outcomes in Hong Kong (Chiu et al 2005). Even those who received education in Hong Kong may find their employment opportunities restricted by their limited social networks (Chou and Chow 2009;Chiu et al 2005). Based on data collected in the mid-1990s, Chiu et al (2005) found that, controlling for education, immigrants have only a 4 % chance compared to local-born individuals of obtaining a better job.…”

Section: Segmented Assimilation: Variations In Socioeconomic Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Unemployment patterns of local-born and immigrant youth in Hong Kong

Fong

Ngo

2016

J Pop Research

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Our study explores the unemployment patterns of local-born and immigrant youth in Hong Kong. Hong Kong provides a unique context to evaluate assimilation outcomes without a race effect. Based on data from the 2011 Hong Kong census, the findings support the classical assimilation perspective, the segmented assimilation perspective, and the paradox of assimilation. The fact that immigrant youths have higher unemployment rates than local-born youths in Hong Kong is related to their lower levels of education and arriving in Hong Kong at older ages. However, the difference in the unemployment rate between Hong Kong local and immigrant youths could be even wider if the income levels of immigrant parents were not higher. The findings suggest that the dynamics of assimilation are complicated even in places outside North America.

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“…Comparatively, the effects of urban social network and social participation are relatively limited (Zhuang 2009;Liu et al 2012). It is often argued that the effects of social capital are largely related to migration duration (Chou and Chow 2009), as well as to the economic development of the destination cities (Wang and Wu 2010). In sum, the role of social capital and networks as an important determinant of rural-urban migrant labour market performance in China is still widely debated in the literature.…”

Section: Earnings Determinants In Urban Migrant Labour Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic structure of migrant labor market in China: A case study of four city-regions in Fujian

Yun

et al. 2014

CSP

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This study attempts to examine how local migrant labour markets behave differently in regions with varying development levels and local economic characteristics, based on a 2009 migrant survey conducted in four case cities in Fujian province, China. The study reveals that earnings characteristics and the role of earnings determents vary greatly across geographic regions. Specifically, in the economically more developed region, the return to human capital is higher, the effect of primitive social networks is lower, and the effect of institutional and cultural barriers is weaker.Keywords: migrant labour market, regional development, human capital, social network, hukou. RésuméOn accorde dernièrement plus grande attention à la différenciation de l'espace économique et de son impact sur le travail migrant. Dans le contexte chinois, peu d'études se sont penchées sur les processus géographiques de la différenciation économique régionale des villes-régions et sur leur effet sur le marché du travail migrant. En analysant les données recueillies dans quatre villes étudiées de la province de Fujian en Chine en 2009, l'étude conclut que les caractéristiques du marché du travail migrant varient selon les conditions de développement économique régional, et surtout que les facteurs déterminant les gains contribuent de manière différente au travail migrant local selon le degré de développement économique régional. L'étude révèle que dans les régions, dont l'économie régionale est plus développée, le rendement du capital humain est plus élevé, l'effet du réseau social primitif est moindre et l'effet des obstacles institutionnels et culturels est plus faible.

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The roles of human capital and social capital in the economic integration of new arrivals from Mainland China to Hong Kong

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

From Passive to Active: A Multiplayer Economic Integration Process of Turkish Immigrants in Berlin

From Passive to Active: A Multiplayer Economic Integration Process of Turkish Immigrants in Berlin

Unemployment patterns of local-born and immigrant youth in Hong Kong

Geographic structure of migrant labor market in China: A case study of four city-regions in Fujian

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