The role of women's substance use in vulnerability to forcible and incapacitated rape.

Testa, Maria; Livingston, Jennifer A.; VanZile-Tamsen, Carol; Frone, Michael R.

doi:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.756

Cited by 132 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…16 As such, victims could have unwittingly ingested a "date rape drug." Testa and colleagues 11 also found that rape victims who were incapacitated were more likely than victims of forcible rape to have used drugs before being assaulted. Street drugs are not controlled and thus may contain any number of substances.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Women aged 15-19 years had the highest risk of experiencing this type of sexual assault. 10 Testa and colleagues, 11 working in the United States, compared 48 incidents of rape while incapacitated with 65 other rape incidents. They found that rapes involving incapacitation were less likely than other types of rape to result in injury and were also less likely to involve a perpetrator with whom the victim had had previous sexual intercourse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These types of substances have pharmacologic properties that can alter states of consciousness and lower inhibitions, especially when used simultaneously with alcohol, 11,14,15 and in their own right may be used to spike drinks. 16 As such, victims could have unwittingly ingested a "date rape drug."…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The voluntary use of alcohol, over-the-counter medications and street drugs, alone or in combination, could have resulted in incapacitation. 7,11,13,14,19,20 Although false negatives are possible, Hurley and colleagues 7 reported that in only 20% of suspected cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault was a drug found on toxicologic screening that the victim had not voluntarily consumed; this figure was 2% in a study by Scott-Ham and Burton.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault

Mont¹,

Macdonald²,

Rotbard³

et al. 2009

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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Since the mid-1990s, there has been a growing number of unconfirmed reports of assailants surreptitiously using prescription and nonprescription drugs to induce disinhibition, sedation and amnesia to facilitate rape. 1 This type of victimization is most commonly referred to as drug-facilitated sexual assault. Although flunitrazepam, in particular, has been maligned as a "date rape drug," 2 many other easily accessible substances have reportedly been used to facilitate sexual assault, including alcohol and alprazolam, chloral hydrate, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, ketamine, lorazepam, ziploclone and zolpidem. 1,3 Few studies have systematically measured the occurrence of drug-facilitated sexual assault. Because there is no agreedupon definition of the phenomenon, 4 comparisons across studies are difficult. In a large population-based telephone survey focused on rape in the United States, 2.3% of adult women reported that they had been deliberately incapacitated with drugs or alcohol and sexually assaulted. 5 According to the 2001 British Crime Survey, among adult female victims of rape, 5.0% reported that they had been "drugged in some way."6 Rates of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault derived from chart reviews of sexual assault victims presenting to specialized sexual assault services have ranged from 6.3% to 17.5%. 1,[7][8][9] One such study demonstrated that the incidence of hospital-reported drug-facilitated sexual assault had shown a marked and continuing increase since 1999. 10Little is known about the victims of drug-facilitated sexual assault and how they may differ from victims of other forms of sexual assault. 1,5 In a retrospective analysis of sexual assaults in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, McGregor and colleagues 1 found that, compared with other victims, those who suspected that they had been drugged waited longer before presenting to a hospital sexual assault service. In addition, this group had a lower occurrence of genital and extragenital injuries. Women aged 15-19 years had the highest risk of experiencing this type of sexual assault.10 Testa and colleagues, 11 working in the United States, compared 48 incidents of rape while incapacitated with 65 other rape incidents. They found that rapes involving incapacitation were less likely than other types of rape to result in injury and were also less likely to involve a perpetrator with whom the victim had had previous sexual intercourse. Rapes involving incapacitation were more likely to have occurred following time spent CMAJ ResearchBackground: There has been little systematic investigation of widespread reports of drugging and sexual assault. We sought to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault. Methods:Between June 2005 and March 2007, a total of 977 consecutive sexual assault victims underwent screening for suspected drugging at 7 hospital-based sexual assault treatment centres. We defined victims of drugfacilitated sexual assault as those who presented to a centre within ab...

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confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault

Mont¹,

Macdonald²,

Rotbard³

et al. 2009

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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“…CUD is associated with elevated risk for use and misuse of other illicit substances (Hall & Lynskey, 2005;Macleod et al, 2004) in addition to physical health problems such as bronchitis and lung damage (Tashkin, 2005;Taylor et al, 2000). Adolescent and young adult female marijuana users face other risks as well, including increased likelihood of experiencing physical or sexual assault (Kilpatrick et al, 1997;Martino et al, 2004;Testa et al, 2003). Marijuana use during the childbearing years presents the additional possibility of fetal exposure to marijuana, which is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes (El Marroun et al, 2009;Minnes et al, 2011).…”

Section: Early Marijuana Use and Cannabis Use Disorder In Adolescent mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences Between African-American and European- American Women in the Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse With Initiation of Marijuana Use and Progression to Problem Use

Sartor

Agrawal

Grant

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with elevated risk of early marijuana use and cannabis use disorder (CUD). Both the prevalence of CSA and the course of marijuana use differ between African Americans and European Americans. The current study aimed to determine whether these differences manifest in racial/ ethnic distinctions in the association of CSA with early and problem use of marijuana. Method: Data were derived from female participants in a female twin study and a high-risk family study of substance use (n = 4,193, 21% African-American). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses using CSA to predict initiation of marijuana use and progression to CUD symptom(s) were conducted separately by race/ethnicity. Sibling status on the marijuana outcome was used to adjust for familial influences. Results: CSA was associated with both stages of marijuana use in African-American and European-American women. The association was consistent over the risk period (hazard ratio [HR] Drugs, 76, 569-577, 2015)

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Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization

Kelley

2016

The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence

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The role of women's substance use in vulnerability to forcible and incapacitated rape.

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

Factors associated with suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault

Factors associated with suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault

Differences Between African-American and European- American Women in the Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse With Initiation of Marijuana Use and Progression to Problem Use

Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization

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