SUMMARY. The input of terrestrial invertebrates from different tree canopies to a trout stream was determined for a 28‐week period from April to October, 1980. Sycamore produced the greatest number of animals, followed by oak and alder. Ash was not significantly different from the controls. Coleoptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Arachnida made up the greatest number of animals caught, with Lepidoptera larvae important beneath oak. The input of biomass (g m‐2 dry wt) was also greatest beneath sycamore (35.80), followed by oak (27.76), alder (20.39), ash (11.15) and control (9.92). The input of biomass was bimodal. The significance of terrestrial invertebrates as food for salmonids is discussed.

Objectives To study the risk of non-fatal injury at low levels and moderate levels of alcohol consumption as well as the differences in risk across modes of injury and differences among alcoholics. Methods Data are from patients aged 18 years and older collected in 2001-02 by the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries from 10 emergency departments around the world (n = 4320). We used a case-crossover method to compare the use of alcohol during the 6 hours prior to the injury with the use of alcohol during same day of the week in the previous week. Findings The risk of injury increased with consumption of a single drink (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.7), and there was a 10-fold increase for participants who had consumed six or more drinks during the previous 6 hours. Participants who had sustained intentional injuries were at a higher risk than participants who had sustained unintentional injuries. Patients who had no symptoms of alcohol dependence had a higher OR. Conclusion Since low levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-fatal injury, and patients who are not dependent on alcohol may be at higher risk of becoming injured, comprehensive strategies for reducing harm should be implemented for all drinkers seen in emergency departments.

It is concluded that non-response bias is a significant problem in substance use surveys with low response rates but that some adjustments can be made to compensate.