The role of vitamins in the prevention and control of anaemia

Fishman, Steven; Christian, Parul; West, Keith P.

doi:10.1017/s1368980000000173

Cited by 263 publications

(230 citation statements)

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“…From the data from the Honduras survey, it appears that interventions targeted at vitamin A deficiency alone may only eliminate a proportion of the anemia (Albalak et al, 2000), given the proportion of children with anemia but no vitamin A deficiency. In the same populations at risk for vitamin A deficiency, there are likely to be other concomitant vitamin deficiencies that may cause anemia (Fishman et al, 2000). With the current, available data, it is not possible to make a good estimate of how the elimination of vitamin A deficiency would impact the prevalence of anemia in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Bloem²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

299

223

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Objective: To gain insight into vitamin A deficiency as a cause of anemia. Methods: Comprehensive review of the scientific literature. Results: Although vitamin A deficiency is recognized to cause anemia, 'vitamin A deficiency anemia' lacks complete characterization as a distinct clinical entity. Vitamin A appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of anemia through diverse biological mechanisms, such as the enhancement of growth and differentiation of erythrocyte progenitor cells, potentiation of immunity to infection and reduction of the anemia of infection, and mobilization of iron stores from tissues. Epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of anemia is high in populations affected by vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Improvement of vitamin A status has generally been shown to reduce anemia, but the actual public health impact on anemia is unclear. Conclusions: Further work is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which vitamin A causes anemia. The inclusion of anemia as an outcome measure in future micronutrient intervention studies should help provide further insight into the anemia of vitamin A deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Bloem²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

299

223

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“…This improvement may be mediated through riboflavin's effect on pyridoxine metabolism. Vitamin C, another component of our multivitamin supplementation, has been shown to improve absorption of dietary iron 29,30 and may help to avoid iron deficiency anemia in children. Such anemia is associated with developmental delays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternal Multivitamin Supplementation on the Mental and Psychomotor Development of Children Who Are Born to HIV-1–Infected Mothers in Tanzania

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVES. To determine the association between maternal multivitamin supplementation and the mental and psychomotor development of children who are born to HIV-1-infected mothers in Tanzania, as secondary endpoints in a randomized trial that investigated the effect of maternal multivitamin supplementation on HIV-1 vertical transmission and progression.METHODS. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, were administered at 6, 12, and 18 months of age to a subset of children (N ϭ 327). We assessed the effect of vitamin A and multivitamin (vitamins B, C, and E) supplementation using linear regression models and Cox proportional hazard models for the Mental Development Index, the Psychomotor Development Index, and raw scores separately.RESULTS. Multivitamin supplementation was associated significantly with a mean increase in Psychomotor Development Index score of 2.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.1-5.1). Multivitamins were also significantly protective against the risk for developmental delay on the motor scale (relative risk: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.7) but not on the Mental Development Index. Vitamin A supplementation had no significant effect on these outcomes.CONCLUSIONS. Maternal multivitamin supplements provide a low-cost intervention to reduce the risk for developmental delays among infants who are born to HIVpositive mothers in developing countries. McGRATH, et al by guest on May 11, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from A LTHOUGH STUDIES HAVE sought to improve mental and psychomotor development in children through protein energy 1 and multivitamin child supplements, 2-4 few have examined the effect of maternal supplements on infant development. Nutritional deficiencies are common in children in developing countries. 5 In 1996, 43% of preschool Tanzanian children were stunted (low height for age). 6 Vitamin A, iodine, and iron deficiencies are also prevalent. 7-9 Pepping et al 8 found that vitamin A deficiency was a significant problem in Tanzania, with 1.5% of the preschool age children whom they surveyed having xerophthalmia and 1.6% having Bitot's spots. In addition, children are have HIV-1 infection; antenatal HIV-1 seroprevalence has been ϳ12% since 1995 in Dar es Salaam. 10 Because multivitamin deficiencies are associated with faster HIV disease progression in adults 11 and higher risk for infant morbidity, 12 they may have a negative impact on the mental and psychomotor development of the child.Daily consumption of multivitamin supplements by HIV-1-infected pregnant women has been shown to delay significantly the progression of HIV disease. 13 Multivitamin supplements also resulted in significant reductions in the risk for low birth weight (LBW), severe preterm birth, and fetal loss and improved the immunologic profile of the mothers and increased their hemoglobin concentrations. 14 Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy has also been shown to reduce the risk for preterm delivery among HIV-infected women. 15 Baylin et al 16 demonstrated that vit...

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“…Anemia (n) DF (n) ADF (n) Microcitose (n) Já é bem estabelecido que as deficiências de vitamina B12 e ácido fólico são determinantes de anemia na ausên-cia de DF, porém as deficiências de vitamina A, riboflavina e vitamina C também têm sido descritas como possíveis causas de anemia, embora os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos ainda não estejam totalmente esclarecidos 14,15 . Dois estudos realizados com crianças apresentaram resultados sugestivos de deficiência de outros micronutrientes, como vitamina B12, ácido fólico e vitamina A, após intervenção com suplementos de ferro isolado 16,17 .…”

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