The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Rd, Semba; Bloem, M. W.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601320

Cited by 291 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…32 Vitamin A is involved in the pathogenesis of anemia through different mechanisms: stimulus to the growth and differentiation of erythrocyte progenitor cells, maximization of the immune response, reduction of anemia associated with infection and mobilization of hepatic iron reserves. 33 The interaction between iron and vitamin A may be one of the factors implicated in the high prevalence of anemia observed among the analyzed children (51.3%), after resolution of the infectious process, although no association was found in our study between inadequate retinol levels and hemoglobin level. Vitamin A also plays an important role in immunological function, is essential to cell membrane stability, and influences growth and repair of epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A em crianças carentes com pneumonia na fase aguda e após recuperação

Silva¹,

Lopes²,

Sarni³

et al. 2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Suggested citation: da Silva R, Lopes Jr E, Sarni RO, Taddei JA. Plasma vitamin A levels in deprived children with pneumonia during the acute phase and after recovery. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81:162-8. AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the plasma retinol of children in the acute phase of pneumonia and after recovery and to investigate the association between plasma levels of retinol after recovery with socioeconomic variables, nutritional status and severity of pneumonia.Methods: A prospective cohort study which included 40 low-income hospitalized children with pneumonia, aged 6 months to 5 years. We evaluated: plasma retinol level during the acute phase and after recovery, years of schooling of the head of the family, per capita income, birth weight, nutritional status, hemoglobin levels and severity of pneumonia.Results: Mean plasma retinol levels were significantly higher after recovery than during the acute phase of infection (1.4±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6 µmol/l, p = 0.03). The frequency of inadequate plasma retinol levels (< 1.05 µmol/l) was 32.5 and 17.5% for the acute phase and after recovery, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between plasma retinol deficiency and the clinical and epidemiological variables studied. More severe pneumonia was observed in 30/40 (75%) of the patients. There was no statistically significant association between plasma retinol inadequacy after recovery and severity of pneumonia (4/30 13.3% vs. 3/10 30.0%, p = 0.34).Conclusion: Serum retinol levels were significantly higher after recovery than during the acute phase of pneumonia. There was no statistically significant association between the deficiency of serum retinol and the clinical and epidemiological variables studied.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(2):162-8: Vitamin A, nutritional status, children, pneumonia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A em crianças carentes com pneumonia na fase aguda e após recuperação

Silva¹,

Lopes²,

Sarni³

et al. 2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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“…Apart from the impact of VAD on the health of the child, significantly increasing the risk of severe illness from common childhood infections such as diarrhoeal disease and measles, vitamin A also appears to influence Fe metabolism but the precise mechanism is not yet elucidated (39) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and public health relevance of micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Rohner

Northrop-Clewes

Tschannen

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To provide nationally representative data on the prevalence of anaemia, vitamin A and Fe deficiencies among pre-school age children (pre-SAC) and nonpregnant women of reproductive age (WRA), and on vitamin B 12 and folate deficiencies in WRA, and the influence of inflammation on their interpretation. Design: A cross-sectional survey to measure anthropometry, malaria parasitaemia and micronutrient status. Specifically, blood samples were analysed for Hb, plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors, C-reactive protein, a 1 -acid glycoprotein, retinol-binding protein, vitamin B 12 and folate. Setting: Côte d'Ivoire in 2007. Subjects: Nine hundred and twenty-eight WRA and 879 pre-SAC. Results: In WRA, prevalence of Plasmodium parasitaemia (5 %) was low, but inflammation (34 %) was higher. Anaemia was a severe public health problem and prevalence differed by residency and eco-region. Inflammation-adjusted Fe deficiency was highest in urban areas (20 %). Nationally, folate deficiency was 86 %, higher in urban areas and varied by eco-region. Prevalence of vitamin B 12 deficiency was low but higher in the rural areas and the north. Inflammationadjusted vitamin A deficiency was very low (1 %). In pre-SAC, prevalence of inflammation (67 %) and Plasmodium parasites (25 %) was high; the latter was associated with poverty, rural residency and higher ferritin concentrations. Anaemia was classified as a severe public health problem (72 %), and was higher in rural areas (76 %) and the north (87 %). A quarter of pre-SAC suffered from vitamin A deficiency (inflammation-adjusted) and prevalence of undernutrition was high. Conclusions: Prevalence of inflammation, Plasmodium parasitaemia and micronutrient deficiencies were high in Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in pre-SAC. Nutritional interventions should be accompanied by strategies to reduce exposure to infections.

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“…21 The prevalence of vitamin A defi ciency is known to be high in this Brazilian region. 2 The prevalence of other micronutrient defi ciencies that are know to play a role in anemia, such as vitamin B12 or folate defi ciency, has not been documented in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in children of Northeast Brazil

et al. 2010

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OBJECTIVE:To diagnose iron defi ciency anemia in children. METHODS:The study was conducted with a sample of 301 children aged six to 30 months attending public daycare centers in the city of Recife, Northeast Brazil, in 2004. The diagnoses of anemia were based on a combination of different hematological and biochemical parameters: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, C-reactive protein, transferrin saturation and transferrin receptor. The chi-square test and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS:Of all children studied, 92.4% had anemia (Hb <110 g/L) and 28.9% had moderate/severe anemia (Hb <90 g/L). Lower levels of hemoglobin were found in children aged 6-17 months. Iron defi ciency was found in 51.5% of children using ferritin (<12 μg/L) as parameter. Taking into consideration the combination of hemoglobin level, ferritin and transferrin receptor, 58.1% had anemia with iron defi ciency, 34.2% had anemia without iron defi ciency and 2.3% had iron defi ciency without anemia. Mean ferritin concentration was signifi cantly higher in children with high C-reactive protein when compared with those with normal levels (22.1 vs. 14.8 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS:The use of several biochemical and hematological parameters allowed to diagnosing iron defi ciency anemia in two thirds of children, suggesting a need to identify other determinants of anemia without iron defi ciency.

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The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Cited by 291 publications

References 97 publications

Níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A em crianças carentes com pneumonia na fase aguda e após recuperação

Níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A em crianças carentes com pneumonia na fase aguda e após recuperação

Prevalence and public health relevance of micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in children of Northeast Brazil

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