The Role of Vertical Disparity in Distance and Depth Perception as Revealed by Different Stereo-Camera Configurations

Vienne, Cyril; Plantier, Justin; Neveu, Pascaline; Priot, Anne-Emmanuelle

doi:10.1177/2041669516681308

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Reduced uncertainty is obviously beneficial, particularly in cue conflict conditions that tend to lower confidence in perceptual estimation. Not only does the presence of multiple cues lead to more precise spatial perception, therefore, but it also reduces the uncertainty in such perceptual processes [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth Perception in Virtual Reality Systems: Effect of Screen Distance, Environment Richness and Display Factors

et al. 2020

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Viewing a scene on a screen display differs greatly from viewing it in the real world. The visual information is conveyed via a flat screen at a fixed distance, and this screen distance can influence how viewers perceive depth in stereograms in conventional stereoscopic displays. This study investigated whether screen distance influences perceived depth in Virtual Reality (VR) systems providing additional motion parallax information. Participants adjusted the depth of a vertical dihedron displayed as a random-dot stereogram. In a first experiment, the stimulus was presented either alone in a gray untextured background or in a cue-rich environment. We found that despite the extra motion parallax information in VR systems compared to conventional stereo-displays, physical screen distance still affected depth perception substantially at longer simulated distances. However, the effect lessened when observers were immersed in a rich and structured environment, possibly allowing them to use other depth cues. A second experiment assessed the influence of potentially potent display-related factors (resolution, display orientation, luminance non-uniformity, and specular reflection), as well as the effect of accommodation-vergence (A-V) conflict size. Depth perception was compared between a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and an L-shaped system, and between a CAVE and an L-shaped system. These comparisons between CAVE-like VR systems and HMDs revealed that A-V conflict and inclusion of a rich environment were the major factors impacting depth perception. These results have practical and methodological implications for the reliable use of VR systems, especially where accurate depth-matching is involved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An indirect estimate of the egocentric distance of the stimulus can then be derived, i.e. the scaling (or equivalent) distance [24], [25]. Scaling distance can be computed as the distance at which the set pattern of disparity specifies a right angle.…”

Section: ) Task and Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Perception in Virtual Reality Systems: Effect of Screen Distance, Environment Richness and Display Factors

et al. 2020

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“…In this case, the calculated homography, cannot restore the condition of ideal orthoscopy on the reference plane. The pattern of horizontal and vertical disparities between the left and right images is not consistent with that of the NE view which may maintain the sense of visual discomfort for the user for close-up views [18], [19] (Fig. 12).…”

Section: ) Ti Vs Sti With the Eyes Outside The Centers Of The Eyeboxmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…By doing so, the remaining geometric aberrations are mostly due to the displacement between the ideal centers of three optical systems (eye, camera, and display), which may cause differences between the natural view and the VST-mediated view in terms of a magnification/demagnification factor and a parallax effect. This parallax distorts the patterns of horizontal and vertical binocular disparities, which can result in a distorted sensation of absolute and relative depths of the objects in the scene and introduce discomfort for the user [17]- [19].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toed-in vs Parallel Displays in Video See-Through Head-Mounted Displays for Close-Up View

et al. 2019

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In non-orthostereoscopic video see-through (VST) head-mounted displays (HMDs), the perception of the three-dimensional space is negatively altered by geometrical aberrations, which may lead to perceptual errors, problems of hand-eye coordination, and discomfort for the user. Parallax-free VST HMDs have been proposed, yet their embodiments are generally difficult to create. The present study investigates the guidelines for the development of non-orthostereoscopic VST HMDs capable of providing perceptually coherent augmentations for close-up views, hence specifically devoted to guide high-precision manual tasks. Our underlying rationale is that, under VST view, a perspective-preserving conversion of the camera frames is sufficient to restore the natural perception of the relative depths around a pre-defined working distance in non-orthostereoscopic VST HMDs. This perspective conversion needs to account for the geometry of the visor and the working distance. A simulation platform was designed to compare the on-image displacements between the direct view of the world and the perspective-corrected VST view, considering three different geometrical arrangements of cameras and displays. A user study with a custom-made VST HMD was then conducted to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively which of the three configurations was the most effective in mitigating the impact of the geometrical aberrations around the reference distance. The results of the simulations and of the user study both proved that, in non-orthostereoscopic VST HMDs, display convergence can be prevented, as the perspective conversion of the camera frames is sufficient to restore the correct stereoscopic perception by the user in the peripersonal space. INDEX TERMS Head-mounted display, stereoscopic displays, augmented reality, video see-through displays, orthoscopic view, optical aberrations.

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“…Yet this configuration, if not coupled with a simultaneous convergence of the optical display axes, would also distort the horizontal and vertical patterns of binocular disparities between the stereo frames. This fact would go against the achievement of a quasi-orthostereoscopic VST HMD and it is deemed to lead to significant distortions in absolute and relative depth perception [25,26]. …”

Section: Binocular Hybrid Video/optical See-through Hmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Preserving Solution for Quasi-Orthoscopic Video See-Through HMDs

2018

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Abstract:In non-orthoscopic video see-through (VST) head-mounted displays (HMDs), depth perception through stereopsis is adversely affected by sources of spatial perception errors. Solutions for parallax-free and orthoscopic VST HMDs were considered to ensure proper space perception but at expenses of an increased bulkiness and weight. In this work, we present a hybrid video-optical see-through HMD the geometry of which explicitly violates the rigorous conditions of orthostereoscopy. For properly recovering natural stereo fusion of the scene within the personal space in a region around a predefined distance from the observer, we partially resolve the eye-camera parallax by warping the camera images through a perspective preserving homography that accounts for the geometry of the VST HMD and refers to such distance. For validating our solution; we conducted objective and subjective tests. The goal of the tests was to assess the efficacy of our solution in recovering natural depth perception in the space around said reference distance. The results obtained showed that the quasi-orthoscopic setting of the HMD; together with the perspective preserving image warping; allow the recovering of a correct perception of the relative depths. The perceived distortion of space around the reference plane proved to be not as severe as predicted by the mathematical models.

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The Role of Vertical Disparity in Distance and Depth Perception as Revealed by Different Stereo-Camera Configurations

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Depth Perception in Virtual Reality Systems: Effect of Screen Distance, Environment Richness and Display Factors

Depth Perception in Virtual Reality Systems: Effect of Screen Distance, Environment Richness and Display Factors

Toed-in vs Parallel Displays in Video See-Through Head-Mounted Displays for Close-Up View

Perspective Preserving Solution for Quasi-Orthoscopic Video See-Through HMDs

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