The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Predictor of Complicated Appendicitis in Animal Model Oryctolagus cuniculus

Fikri, Erjan; Lubis, Helmi M.; Surya, Bachtiar; Siregar, Khawarita

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.3902

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, there were no statistical significance among both groups (p = 0.775 and p = 0.058). These outcomes have no significance but provide trend or pattern demonstrating low estimation of VEGF and FA as an indicator in diagnosis of appendicitis [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Determination of Appendicitis from Folate Acid and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Animal Model: A Review

Fikri

Eyanoer

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal emergencies that require surgery in children. The morbidity and mortality rate in appendicitis is greatly affected by rupture or leakage of the appendix. In establishing the diagnosis of appendicitis, several modalities are acknowledged, namely, pediatric appendicitis score and ultrasound. Pathologically, severity and complications of appendicitis occur related to good vascularization and tissue healing process through process of angiogenesis influenced by folic acid (FA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This is clinically important as currently non-operative and non-invasive therapies were developing in stratification of mild appendicitis. AIM: This study aimed to review the determination of appendicitis from FA and VEGF levels in animal model. METHODS: This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. Articles were reviewed for relation of FA and VEGF in determining appendicitis in PubMed and Science Direct. Articles on experimental animal model published from 1990 to 2020 were included, while articles in English were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The articles we reviewed conduct an assessment of appendicitis by FA and VEGF level in animal model. Three articles were reviewed ranging from 1990 to 2020. One article presented a significant association of decreased level of FA in determining appendicitis while the other two mentioned trends of decreased level of FA and VEGF in appendicitis without statistically significance. CONCLUSION: Reduction of folate acid levels could be a critical prescient factor for the weight of muddled an appendicitis in animal model, however, there was a pattern demonstrating low estimation of VEGF as an indicator of appendicitis and convoluted appendix with no measurable note worthiness appeared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Determination of Appendicitis from Folate Acid and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Animal Model: A Review

Fikri

Eyanoer

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…This mechanism relates the VGEF to be believed associated with complicated appendicitis. Further evidence presented that different expression of VEGF may be found on histopathological examination of microvessel density in appendicitis specimens [28,29].…”

Section: Recovery Process In Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The angiogenesis itself is induced by growth factors namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which role is fundamental by mediating and inducing the neovascularization, reepithelialization, and regulation of extracellular matrix. However the VEGF expression itself is endothelial cells in the blood vessels [28].…”

Section: Recovery Process In Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low folate acid serum and raised homocysteine was shown to be found among patients with constant provocative infections and conditions such as systemic inflammatory illness and endothelial damage. A higher folate level would prevent endothelial damage as it would help maintain levels of homocysteine, vasodilators, and nitric oxide [28,29,36].…”

Section: Role Of Vegf In Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fikri et al further explained that VEGF levels in appendicitis has similar pattern as increase of VEGF during the stable phases after myocardial infarction and hence signifying that VEGF as a part of an ongoing inflammatory activity. The lower levels of VEGF often signifies a worsened condition and could be associated with a more complicated case of appendicitis [28,36].…”

Section: Role Of Vegf In Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial Dysfunction in Appendicitis

Fikri¹,

Alnaz²,

Alnaz³

2023

Endothelial Dysfunction - A Novel Paradigm

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In an inflammation, including appendicitis, vascular adequacy is required to supply anti-inflammatory substances and nutrition due to inflamed tissue remodeling. Normal tissue has balanced tissue regeneration and tissue destruction from apoptosis. While in inflammation, inflammatory substances tend to cause tissue destruction and lead to necrosis. This requires the tissue to increase cell regeneration to maintain tissue homeostasis in the appendix, induced mainly by oxygenation, nutrition, growth factors, and mainly anti-inflammatory substances that are obtained with vascular adequacy. This process needs active vascularization that can be achieved with neovascularization to ensure good vascularization to the tissue lacking from vascular damage. The ability of neovascularization is mainly related to growth factors acting in the endothelium and inducing neovascularization process. This mechanism is impaired in the process of inflammation by inflammatory substances causing endothelial dysfunction. As stated that vascular adequacy is related to growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) that may differ from one person to another, external and internal factors plays role in affecting individualized difference in adapting to inflammatory process, the expression of the VEGF may be a novel distinction to cut-off requirements of inflammation process in appendicitis would be self-limiting or continue to cause tissue necrosis and perforating appendicitis that urges surgical treatment to encounter the unstoppable inflammatory process in the appendix.

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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell; a potential therapy on reducing intimal hyperplasia in rabbit arteriovenous fistula (AVF) model, analysis the expression of HIF-1a, eNOS, and MMP-2

Habibie,

Emril,

Azharuddin

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Introduction: AVF is the best option for hemodialysis access, but its patency rate drops after one year. UC-MSCs were used to reduce inflammation and promote vascular tissue repair in AVF rabbit models. Methods: In this study, 28 male domestic rabbits (Lepus Domestica) were divided into four groups: KN as a negative control, KP as a positive control with placebo therapy, P1 as the treatment group with in situ UC-MSCs, and P2 as the treatment group with intravenous UC-MSCs. The UC-MSCs dose administered was 1,000,000 cells per kilogram of body weight. After 28 days, all groups of rabbit models with AVF were sacrificed. HIF-1α, eNOS, and MMP-2 levels were measured using ELISA Sandwich methods and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc Duncan test. Results: The study found significant differences in HIF-1α, eNOS, and MMP-2 levels among the treatment groups. P3 and P4 treatments did not significantly differ in HIF-1α levels, but P3 had a lower average HIF-1α level than P4. The KP group had the highest concentration of eNOS, significantly higher than P1, P2, and KN. ENOs concentration decreased in P1 and P2 and was significantly lower than KP. The level of MMP-2 in AVF rabbits that received intravenous UC-MSCs was significantly higher than that of healthy rabbits (KN), but significantly lower than the AVF rabbit group that received a placebo. The MMP-2 level in AVF rabbits receiving in situ UC-MSCs was significantly lower than in the placebo and intravenous UC-MSC groups. Conclusion. This study suggests that local delivery of in situ UC-MSCs targeting HIF-1α, eNOS, and MMP-2 levels can effectively reduce intimal hyperplasia (IH) in rabbit models of AVF, potentially preventing early AVF failure and serving as a promising therapy to prevent and reduce IH in AVF.

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The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Predictor of Complicated Appendicitis in Animal Model Oryctolagus cuniculus

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

The Determination of Appendicitis from Folate Acid and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Animal Model: A Review

The Determination of Appendicitis from Folate Acid and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Animal Model: A Review

Endothelial Dysfunction in Appendicitis

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell; a potential therapy on reducing intimal hyperplasia in rabbit arteriovenous fistula (AVF) model, analysis the expression of HIF-1a, eNOS, and MMP-2

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