BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels due to body compensation in line with the increased secretion of the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells. Studies report that red cell distribution width (RDW) increases with the severity of COPD which raises the opinion that RDW can be used as a biomarker in the evaluation of disease severity in patients with COPD. AIM: This study aims to determine the correlation between the value of RDW and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in patients with stable COPD. METHODS: This study was a case series study conducted from April to August 2019 at the Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, USU Medical Faculty. The research subjects were all COPD patients who visited the Lung Clinic RSUP H Adam Malik, Medan, who were selected by consecutive sampling. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: A total of 30 people with COPD who met the criteria were included in this study who were dominated by men (93.3%), aged 50–59 years (46.7%), smokers or former smokers (86.7%), with a body mass index of normoweight (50%), and the degree of airflow obstruction is severe (FEV1 < 30% predicts 50%). There was a weak negative correlation between the RDW value and the FEV1 value in the stable COPD patients who were the study subjects, and the correlation was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between RDW and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients.

Latar belakang: Rinitis alergi merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi yang terusmeningkat serta dapat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Ko-morbiditas rinitis alergi salahsatunya adalah otitis media yang sangat erat hubungannya dengan gangguan fungsi tuba Eustachius yangberkaitan dengan tekanan telinga tengah. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan rinitis alergi dengan disfungsi tubaEustachius dengan menggunakan timpanometri. Metode: Satu studi kasus-kontrol. Disfungsi tuba ditentukandengan pemeriksaan timpanometri (MEP negatif/<-25 daPa) dan hasil tes fungsi tuba (ETF) yang tidak baik.Analisis hasil dengan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 60 sampel. Tipetimpanogram terbanyak pada kedua kelompok yaitu tipe A, dimana kelompok RA tipe A sebesar 73,3% (rerataMEP -40,8 daPa), tipe As 10%, tipe Ad dan tipe B masing-masing 3,3%, tipe C 10%. Kelompok kontrol tipe Asejumlah 93,3% dan tipe As 6,7%. Pada kelompok kasus 83,3% hasil tes fungsi tuba abnormal dan 16,7%normal, sedangkan kelompok kontrol yaitu 93,3% normal dan 6,7% abnormal. Uji chi-square menunjukkanperbedaan yang signifikan antara klasifikasi RA dan disfungsi tuba Eustachius (p=0,006) dan perbedaan yangsignifikan antara jenis alergen dan disfungsi tuba Eustachius (p=0,041). Hasil uji multivariat terdapat bahwa tiperinitis alergi berpengaruh tiga kali lebih besar terhadap disfungsi tuba Eustachius (OR 2,9; 95% IK: 1,52-241,90dan nilai p=0,022) sedangkan jenis alergen dua kali lebih berpengaruh terhadap disfungsi tuba dengan OR 2,2;95% IK: 0,01-7,31 dan nilai p=0,295. Kesimpulan: Rinitis alergi memiliki kemungkinan 3 kali lebih seringmengalami disfungsi tuba Eustachius dari pada kelompok kontrol OR:2,5 (95% CI 2,36-2,99) P=0,000.Kata kunci: rinitis alergi, disfungsi tuba Eustachius, rerata tekanan telinga.ABSTRACTBackground: Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and can have impacton the quality of life of sufferers. One of co-morbidity of allergic rhinitis is otitis media which is closely relatedto Eustachian tube dysfunction, associated with middle ear pressure. Purpose: To determine the relationshipbetween allergic rhinitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction, using tympanometry. Methods: A case-control study.Tubal dysfunction was determined with tympanometry (MEP negative / <-25 Dapa) and tubal function test resultwas not good (≤15 daPa). Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis used for data analysis. Results: Therewere 60 samples. The most common tympanogram type in both groups were type A, which AR group was 73.3%(mean -40.8 daPa MEP), type As 10%, type ad and type B respectively 3.3%, type C 10.0% and control groupstype A 93.3%, type As 6.7%. In AR group, 83.3% showed abnormal tubal function and 16.7% was normal. As incontrol group, 93.3% was normal and 6.7% was abnormal. Chi-square test showed a significant differencebetween AR classification and Eustachian tube dysfunction (p = 0.006), and also between type of allergens andEustachian tube dysfunction (p= 0.0041). Multivariate test revealed AR classification contributed to Eustachiantube dysfunction OR:2.9 (95% CI 1.52-241.90) p=0.022, not between type of allergens and Eustachian tubedysfunction OR:2.2 (95% CI 0.01-7.31) p=0.295. Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis contributes three times higher toEustachian tube dysfunction than the control group. OR: 2.5 (95% CI 2.36-2.99) p= 0.000.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, Eustachian tube dysfunction, Mean Ear Pressure.

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The increasing level of hemostatic parameters and tumor markers were associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis, particularly in NSCLC. The objective of this study is to determine whether there was a correlation between hemostatic parameters and mortality rate in patients with NSCLC. This was a prospective analytical study with a pretest-posttest design which included 41 patients with diagnosis of NSCLC. Plasma levels of PT, APTT, TT, D-dimer, and fibrinogen were measured before initiation of chemotherapy and remeasured after 4 cycles or 6 cycles of chemotherapy, based on the clinical condition of patients. Then, patients were followed up for 1 year to evaluate the mortality rate. The majority of subjects were male (85.4%) with adenocarcinoma (75.6%). There was no significant difference in mean between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P>0.05). Most patients died after one month of follow up (61%). The parameters which could predict high mortality rate in NSCLC were prolonged PT and the increased of D-dimer with RR>1, although they had not significant in statistical analysis (P>0.05). There is no correlation between hemostatic parameters and mortality rate in patients with NSCLC.

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