The role of urban form as an energy management parameter

Composite index for benchmarking local energy systems of Mediterranean port cities

“…Liu et al [15] analyzed changes in the energy usage of household space heating in the Greater Dublin Region. Futcher et al [16] analyzed changes in the cooling loads of office buildings in London. For transport, Liu et al [17] examined energy usage for household travel and transport in the Baltimore metropolitan area.…”

Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework

“…urban design can limit or accentuate urban heat island effects through the organization of streets and their solar exposure (Kruger, Minella, and rasia 2011), through the width of streets and the degree that buildings can shade one another (Sharlin and Hoffman 1984;Givoni 1998;Futcher and Mills 2012), through the shading characteristics and distributions of trees (Shashua- Bar and Hoffman 2000;Stone and rodgers 2001;robitu et al 2006;Tsiros 2010), through the quality and distribution of vegetated parks (Papangelis 2012), and through the types, colours and heat absorption qualities of materials used in the public realm (Akbari, Pomerantz, and Taha 2001). All of these elements contribute to the temperature of the urban environment and hence the degrees to which buildings need to use energy to cool or heat themselves.…”

Impacts of Microclimate Conditions on the Energy Performance of Buildings in Urban Areas

“…A comprehensive review on the main approaches for modeling and simulating urban areas and microclimate conditions can be found in [22]. There are several challenges in modeling and simulating urban microclimate conditions, even though it is commonly accepted that urban morphology has a major impact on microclimate conditions [23]. To overcome the limitations and complexities of modeling urban microclimates, experimental methods (for models with low temporal and spatial resolutions) [24], mathematical/analytical methods [25], numerical methods [26] or a combination of these methods [27] have usually been adopted in the current literature.…”