2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105376
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The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor in neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and targeted therapies

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Cited by 29 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…One of the major mediators of neuroinflammation in PD is TNF-α, which, similar to other cytokines, is produced by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although TNF-α can be neuroprotective in the brain, long-term neuroinflammation and TNF-α release can be harmful, having a neurotoxic role that leads to death of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons and, therefore, is associated with neurodegeneration [12,13]. Moreover, a sustained inflammation accompanied by systemic activation of the immune system is observed in PD patients, with changes in the periphery, specifically in cells of the innate immune system, e.g., monocytes, and the adaptive immune system, such as T lymphocytes [14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the major mediators of neuroinflammation in PD is TNF-α, which, similar to other cytokines, is produced by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although TNF-α can be neuroprotective in the brain, long-term neuroinflammation and TNF-α release can be harmful, having a neurotoxic role that leads to death of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons and, therefore, is associated with neurodegeneration [12,13]. Moreover, a sustained inflammation accompanied by systemic activation of the immune system is observed in PD patients, with changes in the periphery, specifically in cells of the innate immune system, e.g., monocytes, and the adaptive immune system, such as T lymphocytes [14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The brain is one of the most important organs of the body, which allows the evolution of the human being and species [17,111,[151][152][153]. Brain functions are influenced by poor nutrition, stress and lack of movement, but also by natural cellular oxidation processes [19,106,[154][155][156][157].…”
Section: Neuroprotectivementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Contrary to this, degeneration of neuromuscular junctions caused by severe cytological stress of motoneurons is suppressed in egr mutant animals or upon depletion of Egr in the glia, suggesting that in the context of nonresolved axonal insult, Egr contributes to neuromuscular degeneration [18]. This is reminiscent of mammalian TNF that not only has a neuroprotective function in the glia but also causes neuroinflammation and degeneration in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [24]. In addition to its cytoprotective and cytotoxic properties, studies from the 80s noted a correlation between TNF titers and sleep patterns and established the role of TNF in promoting sleep [25,26].…”
Section: Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions Of Egrmentioning
confidence: 99%