The role of triglyceride lipases in cancer associated cachexia

Abstract

Highlights► Triglyceride lipases play an important role in the development of cancer associated cachexia. ► Blocking triglyceride lipases might prevent the development of cancer associated cachexia.

The role of active brown adipose tissue in human metabolism

“…The inconsistency in the triglyceride level findings between our study and the previous tightly controlled, preclinical studies performed in healthy mice might have been due to the elevated serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels seen in cancer patients [19]. It has been shown that tumour necrosis factor-alpha has a negative effect on the uptake of triglycerides in ABAT by downregulating the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, which play critical roles in the hydrolysis of triglycerides [7,20]. Further large, prospective randomized trials in human subjects are needed to clarify the effect of ABAT on serum triglyceride levels.…”

Insulin supplementation attenuates cancer-induced cardiomyopathy and slows tumor disease progression

“…However, as studied here, in advanced tumor disease, circulating fatty acids are depleted (6), and this feature seems to be present in our tumor models as well, as we found markedly decreased cardiac triglyceride levels, despite increased CD36 expression. Indeed, hypoinsulinemia can impair lipogenesis, as fat storage in adipose tissue relies on GLUT4 for glycolysis and acetyl-CoA production (25). This impairment can therefore impel lipolysis, loss of fat mass, and liberation of nonesterified fatty acids and interfere with cardiac metabolic flexibility.…”

Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

“…In CC, longitudinal investigation has suggested that fat loss is not only due to loss of adipocyte volume (lipolysis)29, 34, 35 but also may be attributed to a decrease in lipid accretion in these cells,36 both resulting in a smaller cell 37. Recently, a well‐designed investigation8 showed consistent evidence that lipases in AT breakdown stored fat, contributing to cancer‐associated cachexia. However, despite several studies having consistently shown AT atrophy as a result of cachexia, the associated mechanisms are still not fully elucidated.…”