The Role of Trace Elements in Homeopathic Preparations and the Influence of Container Material, Storage Duration, and Potentisation

Witt, Claudia M.; Lüdtke, Rainer; Weißhuhn, Thorolf E.R.; Quint, P.; Willich, Stefan N.

doi:10.1159/000090415

Cited by 46 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nanosilicon may also acquire quantum mechanical properties at small quantum dot sizes [42,164,166,167], a feature that may help account for certain other observations in the homeopathic drug development research literature [147,148,168]. Doping of the nanosilicon and nanosilica by the medicine source material and other trace contaminants in solution during early preparation steps [9] may add more memory and amplification mechanisms [164,169,170].…”

Section: Experimental Questionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Convergent basic science studies reveal the presence of mechanically-generated source material [3][4][5] and silica/silicon nanoparticles (NPs) in homeopathically-prepared medicines [4,[6][7][8][9]. Nanobubbles made during the manufacturing process may also contribute to the final product [8,10,11], which retains physicochemical properties of the original source material [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple laboratories have demonstrated release of nanosilica and silicon from the inside walls of glassware from agitation of liquid solutions [6][7][8][9][27][28][29]. Mechanical agitation also disperses larger structures into small nanoparticles [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NP concentrations are low, but measurable [3]. Like modern manufactured NPs [13], homeopathicallymanufactured medicines in solution also can exhibit aging effects [9,14]. These nanomedicines are delivered either in ethanolic liquids or sprayed and dried onto lactose or lactose/sucrose pellets for oral administration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Bell

Sarter

Koithan

et al. 2013

J Nanomed Nanotechol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the present paper is (a) to outline the self-organized, complex adaptive network nature of the organism as recipient of nanomedicines; (b) to propose several nonlinear endogenous amplification processes by which pulsed low doses of traditional, homeopathically-manufactured natural product nanomedicines may stimulate a return toward healthier function; and (c) to discuss their potential relevance to novel, but safer than conventional dosing strategies for contemporary nanomedicines. Homeopathy is an over 200-year-old system of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that uses low doses of natural plant-, mineral-, and animal-sourced nanomedicines. Homeopathic manufacturing is "green", with mechanical grinding in lactose and agitation in ethanol-water as primary reagents. Agitation within glass containers at room temperature may also contribute nanosilica and nanosilicon as drug delivery vehicles and biological amplifiers. The medicine selection is matched to the recipient organism's systemic patterns of dysfunction and pulsed in the timing of the discrete doses. Endogenous amplification processes within the recipient organism may involve hormesis, time-dependent sensitization, and/or stochastic resonance. Effects are adaptive and systemically diffuse, i.e., causally indirect, rather than pharmacological and local, i.e., direct. All of these nonlinear response processes require interaction of the nanoparticle (NP) dose with the organism as a complex adaptive system. The pulsed NP dose serves as a low intensity salient danger signal for the organism to make network-wide adaptive changes that can lead to healing. The historically safe therapeutic approach of homeopathic nanomedicine dosing avoids risks of high, continuous doses and cumulative toxicity that contemporary nanomedicine researchers are now trying to solve while using NPs as if they were conventional bulk drugs. Integrating the insights, technical procedures, and clinical dosing approaches from modern and homeopathic nanomedicine could lead to major advances in the field for more effective and safer translational applications.NPs in homeopathic medicines [3]. NP concentrations are low, but measurable [3]. Like modern manufactured NPs [13], homeopathicallymanufactured medicines in solution also can exhibit aging effects [9,14]. These nanomedicines are delivered either in ethanolic liquids or sprayed and dried onto lactose or lactose/sucrose pellets for oral administration.Homeopathic manufacturing materials and methods are inherently "green" [15,16]. Previous papers have addressed the striking similarities between modern top-down mechanical attrition procedures for making nanoparticles (NPs) [17] and historical homeopathic medicine manufacturing methods and materials [15,[18][19][20][21]. These similarities include mechanically grinding source materials in lactose for hours and repeatedly agitating ethanol-water solutions containing the source Citation: Bell IR, Sarter B, Koithan M, Standish LJ, Banerji P, et al. (2013) Nonlinea...

show abstract

Section: Experimental Questionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nonlinear Response Amplification Mechanisms for Low Doses of Natural Product Nanomedicines: Dynamical Interactions with the Recipient Complex Adaptive System

Bell

Sarter

Koithan

et al. 2013

J Nanomed Nanotechol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compounds released by glass containers are present in serially diluted, vigorously shaken aqueous solutions (Witt et al, 2006). Such compounds and other contaminants affect the physicochemical variables of these liquids (Elia and Niccoli, 2004a&b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%