This study aimed to compare the trace element status of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 53) with those of nondiabetic healthy controls (n = 50). The concentrations of seven trace elements were determined in the whole blood, blood plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes of the study subjects. Vanadium and iron levels in lymphocytes were significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared to controls (p < 0.05 for iron and p < 0.01 for vanadium). In contrast, lower manganese (p < 0.01) and selenium (p < 0.01) concentrations were detected in lymphocytes derived from patients with type 2 diabetes versus healthy subjects. Furthermore, significantly lower chromium levels (p < 0.05) were found in the plasma of diabetic individuals as compared to controls. Trace element concentrations were not dependent on the degree of glucose control as determined by correlation analysis between HBA1c versus metal levels in the four blood fractions. In summary, this study primarily demonstrated that trace element levels in lymphocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes could deviate significantly from controls, whereas, in general, no considerable differences could be found when comparing the other fractions between both patient groups. Therefore, it seems reasonable to analyze metal levels in leukocytes to determine trace element status in patients with type 2 diabetes and perhaps in other diseases.
Buckground: Metal-on-metal total hip prostheses will produce a certain amount of wear debris. This results in increased wholeblood metal levels, which may cause adverse effects. It is not known to what extent the problem has been overcome by advances in alloy technology.Methods: In 259 patients who with total hip replacement, blood cobalt and chromium concentrations were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry over a period of four years after arthroplasty. Of the patients enrolled in the study, 131 had been managed with a METASUL@ cobalt-chromium alloy metal-on-metal bearing combination, while 128 had been given a SIKO-METO-SM2 1 @ cobalt-chromium alloy metal-on-metal combination. The control group consisted of 3 1 age-and gender-matched subjects.Resu1t.s: Compared with the controls, all the patients had higher cobalt and chromium levels. Cobalt concentrations were up to 50 times higher, while chromium concentrations were up to 100 times higher.Conclusions: Both systems showed evidence, in the whole-blood samples, of wear debris production by the implants. Therefore, patients managed with metal-on-metal bearing combinations should be carefully monitored in order to ensure that any local or systemic complications are detected early on.
The binding of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn to proteins in blood and in blood fractions was investigated, since their interactions in free radical metabolism in humans is of great interest. An HPLC-ICP-AES technique was developed allowing adequate separation of metalloproteins and of inorganic and organic metal species. For the separation of metalloproteins in erythrocytes and blood plasma a Merck Superformance Fractogel EMD BioSEC 650 (S) column was used. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC was hyphenated to ICP-AES both on-line and off-line for the detection of trace elements in the fractions resulting from HPLC separations. HPLC parameters, pH, temperature, flow rate and salt concentration were optimized for the protein separation and the optimal conditions were applied for the hyphenation to the ICP-AES detector. The separation column was calibrated with five standard proteins. For the element determination by ICP-AES a line selection with respect to the sensitivity was performed. Three different methods were used for the determination of trace elements in blood: direct determinations, on-line and off-line SEC-HPLC-ICP-AES measurements. For the optimizing experiments blood samples of one female subject were used. The direct determination by ICP-AES of the elements was performed in blood and blood fractions of ten different subjects to obtain the average concentration ranges. From the results the identification of the protein Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes was possible. The LOD were 0.03 microgram mL-1 for Cu, 0.026 microgram mL-1 for Fe, 0.8 ng mL-1 for Mn, and 0.09 microgram mL-1 for Zn in a synthetic blood matrix.
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