The role of time and timing in psychological contract research

Achnak, Safâa; Hansen, Samantha D.

doi:10.4337/9781788115681.00022

Cited by 7 publications

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“…In Ng and colleagues' (2014) study, temporal changes in LMX or CWX have led to congruent buffering moderating effects for aggressive voice behavior as a response to PC breach. Although these findings may not directly pertain to organizational cynicism due to conceptual differences between voice and cynicism (Naus et al, 2007), it becomes clear from these insights that future research should examine temporal trends in variables during and after PC breaches (Achnak & Hansen, 2019;Rigotti & de Jong, 2019). Overall, our finding of opposing effects for LMX and CWX on breaches in the employer-employee relationship contributes to social exchange theory Organizational Cynicism and Social Exchange 28 by emphasizing the influence of social context, status, and roles of counterparts in social exchange relationships and by pointing to complex interactions between different kinds of social exchange.…”

Section: Organizational Cynicism and Social Exchange 26mentioning

confidence: 93%

A study of organizational cynicism and how it is affected by social exchange relationships at work

Pfrombeck

Doden

Grote

et al. 2020

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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Section: Organizational Cynicism and Social Exchange 26mentioning

confidence: 93%

A study of organizational cynicism and how it is affected by social exchange relationships at work

Pfrombeck

Doden

Grote

et al. 2020

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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“…We contributed to the literature by adopting a process-oriented approach to explore within-person changes in stress experiences. In doing so, we respond to recent calls for more time-sensitive and dynamic research in the PC literature [ 1 , 53 , 57 , 66 ]. Moreover, our study further extends the Post-Violation Model [ 66 ].…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although substantial empirical progress (for a meta-analysis see [ 74 ] has been made in understanding the relationship between PCB, violation feelings, and employee attitudes (e.g., reduced job satisfaction, organizational commitment) and behaviors (reduced performance and increased turnover; e.g., [ 14 , 30 , 50 ], little attention has been given to the role of time in understanding this chain of events. That is, PC research has been predominantly contemporaneous and, in doing so, has overlooked the temporal context in which perceptions of PCB are formed, and in which employee reactions unfold over time (see [ 1 ]. Furthermore, although prior research has mainly focused on the relationship between PCB and employee attitudes or behaviors, far fewer studies have investigated its influence on employee wellbeing in terms of stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To deny, to justify, or to apologize: Do social accounts influence stress levels in the aftermath of psychological contract breach?

2021

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Background Workplace stress carries considerable costs for the employees’ wellbeing and for the organization’s performance. Recent studies demonstrate that perceptions of psychological contract breach are a source of stress for employees. That is, when employees notice that their employer does not fulfil certain obligations, they will perceive that certain resources are threatened or lost, which in turn translates into increased stress. In this study, we zoom in on how stress unfolds in the aftermath of breach, dependent on the organization’s reaction to the breach. More specifically, we examined the influence of different types of social accounts (i.e., denial, apology, blaming and exonerating justification) on individuals’ stress resolution process using physiological (i.e., heart rate) and psychological (self-report) data. Method We used an experimental design in which we manipulated psychological contract breach and social account type. To test our hypotheses, we performed two sets of functional Principal Component Analyses: first to examine the effects of breach and second to examine the effects of social accounts. Results Our results indicate that breach elicits a physiological stress reaction, reflected in a short-lived increase in heart rate. However, no increase in the self-reported stress measure was found. Further, we did not find a significant effect of social accounts on the psychological and physiological recovery process. Conclusions The current research allows us to demonstrate that psychological contract breach will trigger a short-lived increase in heart rate. Further research is needed to better understand unfolding trajectories of physiological reactions to contract breach and the effect of social accounts as organizational recovery efforts.

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“…Second, collecting data at two time points offers a narrow picture of the role of time in PC processes because we are not able to test the trajectories of change over time. As Achnak and Hansen (2019) pointed out, future research is encouraged to collect data at least at three times points in order to analyze the causal relationships, or to collect data at multiple time points in order to analyze the patterns and trajectories of the change in PC fulfillment over time.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is hard to forget what comes around: Time‐lagged effects of employers' non‐fulfillment of psychological contract

Estreder

Tomás

Ramos

et al. 2021

Human Resource Dev Quarterly

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Psychological contract (PC) has received great theoretical and research interest in the framework of the employment relationship. Although current research has described its consequences using several different perspectives, less attention has been placed on examining how PC develops. The current time‐lagged study tests a model that incorporates three social exchange indicators: employer contract fulfillment, PC violation, and organizational justice. Using a two‐wave survey data from 203 Spanish workers, we test a serial multiple mediation model that identifies the mechanism to explain the reciprocal exchange between the individual and the organization. The results provide evidence that employer contract fulfillment influences employees' contribution in return over time through the sense of PC violation and perceptions of organizational justice.

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The role of time and timing in psychological contract research

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A study of organizational cynicism and how it is affected by social exchange relationships at work

A study of organizational cynicism and how it is affected by social exchange relationships at work

To deny, to justify, or to apologize: Do social accounts influence stress levels in the aftermath of psychological contract breach?

It is hard to forget what comes around: Time‐lagged effects of employers' non‐fulfillment of psychological contract

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