The Role of the Variety and the Main Elements of Technology in the Formation of the Yield of Spring Soft Wheat in the Conditions of the Pre-Volga Zone of the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of fertilizers, plant protection products, increasing yields and applying quality based on the selection of soft wheat varieties. Reserve study in 2020-2021 on chernozem soils of Avangard LLC, Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agrochemical characteristics of the soil of the experimental plot are as follows: in the presence of 0-20 cm of humus (7.0-8.5%), P2O5 - 182-255 mg/kg, K2O - 159-193 mg/kg and soil acidity (pHsalt) - 5.5-5.8. Chemical analyzes of soils were implemented in the Federal State Budgetary Institution, the Central Agrochemical Service “Tatarsky” for the impact of methods: humus content (GOST 26213-91), pHsol. (GOST 26484-85), R2O5 and K2O (GOST 26207-91). The meteorological conditions during the years of research differed sharply. In 2020, the HTC amounted to 1.18 during the growing season of spring wheat, and in 2021 - 0.37, which had a very negative impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. In the years of research, such varieties as Yoldyz and Ekada 109 turned out to be the most early-ripening. The duration of the growing season in 2020 was 96-102 days, in 2021 - 86-88 days. On average, over two years, the varieties Ekada 109 turned out to be more responsive to fertilization, yield increase, compared to the natural background - 0.81 t/ha, Arkhat - 0.48 t/ha, Balkysh - 0.46 t/ha and Burlak – 0.45 t/ha. For 2020-2021, in relation to the standard variety, the maximum increase in yield was provided by the varieties Ekada 109 - 0.93 t/ha, Yoldyz - 0.46 and Burlak - 0.44 t/ha against an unfertilized background, and with the introduction of NRK - 1,5; 0.66 and 0.49 t/ha, respectively. Spring wheat grains with a high content of protein and a mass fraction of gluten were formed against the background of the use of fertilizers in such varieties as Ekada 109 - 14.3 -14.8 and 28.0-28.6%, Yoldyz - 14.0 - 14.2 and 26.0-26.3%, Burlak - 14.7-15.0 and 25.7-26.1%. The quality of gluten (according to IDK) in the same varieties on both backgrounds of nutrition, belonged to groups I-II.

The use of succinic acid plant growth regulator in rooting lignified cuttings of pear varieties and forms

“…Но со временем посевные площади этого вида пшеницы начали уменьшаться из-за того, что ее место начала занимать более урожайный вид -мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum). Пшеница двузернянка может легко произрастать на бедных почвах, и подходит для органического земледелия [1,2,3]. Кроме того, двузернянка имеет широкую экологическую пластичность, засухоустойчивость и другие важные адаптационные признаки [4,5,6].…”

Influence of Methods of Basic Tillage and Fertilizers on the Yield of Spring Wheat in the Conditions of Af "Kolos" of the Tetyushsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan

“…Введение. Решение продовольственной проблемы в современных условиях определяется, прежде всего, уровнем развития зернового производства [1,2,3]. От него во многом зависит не только эффективность функционирования всего агропромышленного комплекса, но и уровень жизни населения Российской Федерации [4,5,6].…”