The role of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in the metabolic syndrome: towards a possible prognostic marker?

Tinkov, Alexey A.; Bjørklund, Geir; Skalny, Anatoly V.; Holmgren, Arne; Skalnaya, Margarita G.; Chirumbolo, Salvatore; Aaseth, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2745-8

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 237 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Levels of plasma Trx were found to be increased in patients with atherosthrombosis. Together these findings highlight the Trx system as a promising point of therapeutic intervention for treatment of such diseases as atherosclerosis, diabetes and metabolic syndrome [64]. Downregulation of cytosolic isoform of thioredoxin, Trx1, was shown to inhibit the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and prevent atherosclerosis initiation of [65].…”

Section: Thioredoxinsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

Poznyak

Grechko

Orekhova

et al. 2020

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis.

show abstract

Section: Thioredoxinsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

Poznyak

Grechko

Orekhova

et al. 2020

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Certain studies demonstrated the role of TXNRDs in modulation of adipogenesis [187]. Adipocyte differentiation is associated with increased activity of both Txnrd1 and Txnrd2 along with Gpx4, whereas antiadipogenic agents decreased Txnrd activation in preadipocytes, but not in mature adipocytes [188].…”

Section: Thioredoxin Reductases (Txnrds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selenium (Se) homeostasis is tightly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but its possible roles in obesity development and in adipocyte metabolism are unclear. The objective of the present study is to review the current data on Se status in obesity and to discuss the interference between Se and selenoprotein metabolism in adipocyte physiology and obesity pathogenesis. The overview and meta-analysis of the studies on blood Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in obese subjects, have yielded heterogenous and even conflicting results. Laboratory studies demonstrate that Se may modulate preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, and also interfere with insulin signaling, and regulate lipolysis. Knockout models have demonstrated that the selenoprotein machinery, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins together with GPXs and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), are tightly related to adipocyte development and functioning. In conclusion, Se and selenoproteins appear to play an essential role in adipose tissue physiology, although human data are inconsistent. Taken together, these findings do not support the utility of Se supplementation to prevent or alleviate obesity in humans. Further human and laboratory studies are required to elucidate associations between Se metabolism and obesity.

show abstract

“…OS induces a compensatory increase in TrxR to reduce the oxidative modification of proteins present in several pathologies [53]. However, TrxR is decreased in pathologies with severe OS and metabolic disturbances [54]. The low TrxR activity in patients with LDS could increase the carbonylation and be associated with the OS present in this syndrome.…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Profile In Taa From Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile in the Thoracic Aneurysm of Patients with the Loeys-Dietz Syndrome

Soto

Manzano-Pech

Guarner-Lans

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with the Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) have mutations in the TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and SMAD3 genes. However, little is known about the redox homeostasis in the thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) they develop. Here, we evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant profile in the TAA tissue from LDS patients and compare it with that in nondamaged aortic tissue from control (C) subjects. We evaluate the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). We also analyze some antioxidants from a nonenzymatic system such as selenium (Se), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and carbonylation, as well as xanthine oxidase (ORX) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions, were also evaluated. TAA from LDS patients showed a decrease in GSH, Se, TAC, GPx, GST, CAT, and TrxR. The SOD activity and ORX expressions were increased, but the Nrf2 expression was decreased. The results suggest that the redox homeostasis is altered in the TAA from LDS patients, favoring ROS overproduction that contributes to the decrease in GSH and TAC and leads to LPO and carbonylation. The decrease in Se and Nrf2 alters the activity and/or expression of some antioxidant enzymes, thus favoring a positive feedback oxidative background that contributes to the TAA formation.

show abstract

The role of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in the metabolic syndrome: towards a possible prognostic marker?

Cited by 65 publications

References 237 publications

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity

Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile in the Thoracic Aneurysm of Patients with the Loeys-Dietz Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About