The role of the percentage free PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Blacks: Findings in indigenous West African men using TRUS guided biopsy

Tijani, Kehinde Habeeb; Anunobi, C C; Adeyomoye, Adekunle; Alabi, Taiwo Opeyemi; Lawal, A O; Akanmu, Olanrewaju; Ojewola, Rufus Wale; Soriyan, Oyetunji O

doi:10.1016/j.afju.2016.04.008

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In their study, median PSA density in the BPH group was 0.11 (0.03-0.32) ng/mL, whereas the median prostate density for the prostate cancer was 0.16 (0.02-0.55) ng/mL. 13 This may be due to the fact that the PSA density is dependent on the size of the prostate which do not actually correlate to the occurrence of cancer. Literature shows that in the intermediate zone the occurrence of prostate cancer is higher in those individuals with low prostate volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Background Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and Methods A total of 106 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands were evaluated. Results and Observation The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.15 ± 0.01 while that for benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) was 0.11 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the prostate volume in these two groups with the mean prostate volume measured by TRUS in the BPH to be 53.85 ± 9.71 mL compared with 58.14 ± 7.48 mL in the carcinoma. PSA density of 0.13 ng/mL can be used as a cutoff for the individual in our set-up who should go for prostate biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Conclusion These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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“…1). Studies were spread across six countries namely Nigeria (seven) [12,13,18,[23][24][25][26], South Africa (two) [27,28], Kenya (one) [29], Senegal (one) [30], Sudan (one) [31], and Tanzania (one) [32]. Of the 13 studies, ten studies reported sensitivity of PSA, specificity of PSA or both (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 13 studies, ten studies reported sensitivity of PSA, specificity of PSA or both (Table 1). We identified two PSA surrogates namely percent free PSA (%fPSA) reported in three studies [12,26,28] and PSA density reported in only one study [13] (Table 2). We conducted two meta-analyses to pool the diagnostic accuracy of PSA and %fPSA respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of prostate-specific antigen and its surrogates towards the detection of prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Okwor,

Nnakenyi,

Agbo

et al. 2023

Afr J Urol

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Background Racial disparities associated with pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer makes a global diagnostic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cut-off value inappropriate. Our review aimed to evaluate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of PSA and its surrogates, and to systematically synthesize the optimum thresholds for the detection of prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This was a systematic review of 6861 peer-reviewed literature from five databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, African Journal Online and Academic Search Complete, last search was in September 2022. Studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of PSA and/or its surrogates towards the detection of prostate cancer in patients, using histology of prostate biopsy as the reference test for cancer diagnosis, were included. Studies that did not report sensitivity and/or specificity, or histology diagnosis of prostate cancer were excluded. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) by two independent investigators. Random effect model of meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3. Results Thirteen (13) studies of males diagnosed with prostate cancer were included—10 studies reported PSA sensitivity/specificity/both; 4 reported on PSA surrogates (3 reported %freePSA, and 1 reported PSA density). We conducted 2 meta-analyses to pool the diagnostic accuracy of PSA and %freePSA. The sensitivity of PSA (n = 10) at the cut-off values of < 4 ng/ml, 4–10 ng/ml, > 10 ng/ml were 86.8%, 93.1%, and 76.0% respectively; while specificity (n = 8) were 42.3%, 29.3%, and 28.8% respectively. The PSA cut-off of 4–10 ng/ml possessed the highest diagnostic accuracy (55.7%). The specificity (91.5%) and diagnostic accuracy (84%) of %freePSA (n = 3) was best at cut-off value ≤ 10%. Conclusion Having the highest diagnostic accuracy individually, a combination of PSA 4–10 ng/ml and %freePSA ≤ 10% may be a more appropriate criteria for deciding eligibility for prostate biopsy among males in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen testing: An empirical survey of laboratories in Nigerian tertiary care centers

Meka

Okwor

Arum

et al. 2022

Int J Med Health Dev

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The role of the percentage free PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Blacks: Findings in indigenous West African men using TRUS guided biopsy

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

Sensitivity and specificity of prostate-specific antigen and its surrogates towards the detection of prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen testing: An empirical survey of laboratories in Nigerian tertiary care centers

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