The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the “Weep and Sweep” Response during Gastro—Intestinal Helminth Infections

Bąska, Piotr; Norbury, Luke J.

doi:10.3390/ani12020175

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Interleukin 13 genes are involved in the resistance to GIPs [ 2 , 108 , 109 ] and mucosal infections [ 128 ]. In goats, the role of IL-13 in the immune response to GIP infection is well documented [ 109 , 129 , 130 ]. IL-13 modifies the role of intestinal epithelial cells by inducing an abnormal increase in the number of goblet cells [ 131 ] and hypercontraction of smooth muscles [ 129 ].…”

Section: Genetic Markers Of Gip Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In goats, the role of IL-13 in the immune response to GIP infection is well documented [ 109 , 129 , 130 ]. IL-13 modifies the role of intestinal epithelial cells by inducing an abnormal increase in the number of goblet cells [ 131 ] and hypercontraction of smooth muscles [ 129 ]. On infection with GIPs, cells recirculating in afferent and efferent lymph reliably express the IL-13 gene in sheep [ 132 ].…”

Section: Genetic Markers Of Gip Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: A review

2022

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Gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly nematode infection, is a major health issue affecting goats worldwide, resulting in clinical diseases and productivity loss. Prevalent gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) affecting goats in South Africa are the Strongyloides papillosus, Eimeria spp., and Strongyles, especially the Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. According to the issues discussed in this paper and by other authors, the prevalence and intensity of various GIPs vary with an animal's location, breed, age, sex, and season. Because GIPs easily develop resistance to chemical treatment, selecting and breeding genetically GIP-resistant animals would be a relatively simple and inexpensive strategy for reducing or eliminating the current reliance on chemotherapy. Potential phenotypic indicators for selecting GIP-resistant goats include parasitological, immunological, and pathological phenotypic markers. Synergistic use of these indicators should be encouraged for a more accurate simplified genotype selection of resistant animals. Genes with Mendelian inheritance, particularly those involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms, have been identified in goats. Exploring this knowledge base to develop cost-effective molecular tools that facilitate enhanced genetic improvement programs is a current challenge. Future statistical and biological models should investigate genetic variations within genomic regions and different candidate genes involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms, as well as the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms known to affect GIP infection levels.

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Section: Genetic Markers Of Gip Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Markers Of Gip Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: A review

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, the reductionistic nature of organoid cultures enables the introduction of live parasites, ES products and immune factors in a controlled manner, and thus they allow the dissection of their individual effects on the GI epithelium. For instance, several GI nematode infections, including H. bakeri, induce goblet and tuft cell hyperplasia with subsequent increases in mucus and alarmin production that mediate parasite expulsion (Coakley and Harris, 2020;Baska and Norbury, 2022). The goblet and tuft cell hyperplasia is a consequence of host production of the cytokines interleukin (IL) 25, IL4 and IL13 in a feed-forward loop that is driven by tuft cell sensing of nematode infection (Howitt et al, 2016;Von Moltke et al, 2016;Schneider et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2019).…”

Section: In Vitro Modelling Of Epithelial Changes and Immunomodulatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is good understanding of the immune drivers of epithelial modification during GI nematode infection, the direct actions of the parasites and their products on the epithelium remain largely unknown. To date, this research has mostly used animal infection models (Coakley and Harris, 2020;Duque-Correa et al, 2020a;Baska and Norbury, 2022), in which teasing out the direct impact of nematodes on the epithelium is difficult. Moreover, for the majority of human infective GI nematodes, no animal host systems are available, which has limited our ability to directly study nematode-host interactions in these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids as tools to investigate gastrointestinal nematode development and host interactions

White

Blow

Buck

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Gastrointestinal nematodes are a diverse class of pathogens that colonise a quarter of the world’s human population and nearly all grazing livestock. These macroparasites establish, and some migrate, within host gastrointestinal niches during their life cycles and release molecules that condition the host mucosa to enable chronic infections. Understanding how helminths do this, and defining the molecules and mechanisms involved in host modulation, holds promise for novel strategies of anthelmintics and vaccines, as well as new knowledge of immune regulation and tissue repair. Yet the size and complexity of these multicellular parasites, coupled with the reliance on hosts to maintain their life cycles, present obstacles to interrogate how they interact with the gastric and intestinal epithelium, stroma and immune cells during infection, and also to develop protocols to genetically modify these parasites. Gastrointestinal organoids have transformed research on gastric and gut physiology during homeostasis and disease, including investigations on host-pathogen interactions with viruses, bacteria, protozoa and more recently, parasitic nematodes. Here we outline applications and important considerations for the best use of organoids to study gastrointestinal nematode development and interactions with their hosts. The careful use of different organoid culture configurations in order to achieve a closer replication of the in vivo infection context will lead not only to new knowledge on gastrointestinal nematode infection biology, but also towards the replication of their life cycles in vitro, and the development of valuable experimental tools such as genetically modified parasites.

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“…Intestinal helminths constitute a diverse group of pathogens which lead to infection of intestines in over one billion people world wide (Bąska and Norbury, 2022). To eliminate gastrointestinal helminths, an integrated response orchestrated by epithelial, neural, and immune cells are used to expel the parasites, increased goblet cell mucus production and muscle contractions result in helminths expulsion from the gut and release outside the body, which is known as "weep and sweep" (Hildersley et al, 2021).…”

Section: Physiological Functions Of Tuft Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The critical roles and therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancer

Duan

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory epithelial cells with microvilli at the top, which are found in hollow organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the chemotactic abilities and immune function of the tuft cells, and numerous efforts have been devoted to uncovering the role of tuft cells in tumors. Notably, accumulating evidence has shown that the specific genes (POU2F3, DCLK1) expressed in tuft cells are involved in vital processes related with carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, the interaction between the tuft cells and cancer remains to be further elucidated. Here, based on an introduction of biological functions and specific markers of the tuft cells, we have summarized the functional roles and potential therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancers, including pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and liver cancer, which is in the hope of inspiring the future research in validating tuft cells as novel strategies for cancer therapies.

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The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the “Weep and Sweep” Response during Gastro—Intestinal Helminth Infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 107 publications

Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: A review

Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: A review

Organoids as tools to investigate gastrointestinal nematode development and host interactions

The critical roles and therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancer

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