The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions

Yousefi, Bahman; Kokhaei, Parviz; Mehranfar, Fatemeh; Aydınlı, Bahar; Abdolshahi, Anna; Emadi, Alireza; Eslami, Majid

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.046

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Since Gal-3 acts as a ligand for TLR, this could be a possible explanation for its involvement in these diseases. In the modern treatment of autism spectrum disorders, not only BBB permeability is a hot topic, but also gastrointestinal immune barrier ( Yousefi et al, 2022 ), which could be controlled by TLR2 and TLR4 or Gal-3 ( Beukema et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Galectin-3 and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations

Mijailović

Vesić

Arsenijević

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Cognitive impairment may be a consequence of the normal aging process, but it may also be the hallmark of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Early identification of individuals at particular risk for cognitive decline is critical, as it is imperative to maintain a cognitive reserve in these neuropsychiatric entities. In recent years, galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, has received considerable attention with respect to aspects of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms behind the putative relationship between Gal-3 and cognitive impairment are not yet clear. Intrigued by this versatile molecule and its unique modular architecture, the latest data on this relationship are presented here. This mini-review summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms by which Gal-3 affects cognitive functioning in both animal and human models. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Gal-3 in modulating the inflammatory response as a fine-tuner of microglia morphology and phenotype. A review of recent literature on the utility of Gal-3 as a biomarker is provided, and approaches to strategically exploit Gal-3 activities with therapeutic intentions in neuropsychiatric diseases are outlined.

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Section: Galectin-3 and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations

Mijailović

Vesić

Arsenijević

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…These findings, obtained in ASD + ID adults, are consistent with the gut–brain axis and immune dysfunction hypotheses for the pathophysiology of ASD (Iglesias-Vazquez et al, 2020; Ye et al, 2021) and potentially ASD + ID. Indeed, intestinal dysbiosis is common in ASD and could contribute to neuroinflammation through systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and impairment of the brain–blood barrier (Yousefi et al, 2022). Furthermore, immune dysfunction has been reported in ASD, as well as in other NDDs (Hsu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This highlights the importance of the involvement of the gut–brain axis in ASD + ID, not only during early development but also during adulthood and ageing. Indeed, the gut–brain axis could be involved in neurodegenerative processes (Yousefi et al, 2022), and inflammageing in chronic health conditions and multimorbidity (Calderon-Larranaga et al, 2019a; Candore et al, 2010; Chung et al, 2009; Pupek et al, 2016). In our sample, the gut–brain axis was over-represented in Cluster 2, which showed a more severe multimorbidity burden, and, potentially, a suspected high risk of premature death (see section ‘Cluster specificities’).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimorbidity patterns and subgroups among autistic adults with intellectual disability: Results from the EFAAR study

Miot

Chancel

Peries

et al. 2022

Autism

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Multimorbidity, defined as having two or more chronic health conditions, is associated with elevated polypharmacy and mortality. Autism spectrum disorder is a whole-body chronic health condition in which comorbidities – in particular co-occurring intellectual disability – contribute to high clinical heterogeneity, polypharmacy and premature mortality. We aimed to determine specific multimorbidity patterns among autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability adults, and to identify participants’ subgroups based on multimorbidity features. We used baseline examination data from a previous exploratory prospective multicentric study that included 63 autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability adults. Multimorbidity patterns and subgroups were determined using clustering approaches. We observed 84.1% multimorbidity, significantly associated with age. We identified a dominant multimorbidity pattern, combining immune dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological, and joint diseases. Four participants’ subgroups could be distinguished by multimorbidity, autonomy and polypharmacy. Two clusters were distinguished by the prevalence and consequences of multimorbidity. One cluster involved women with endocrine disorders. The final cluster was composed of older adults with the lowest autism spectrum disorder severity but greater multimorbidity, including cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Our results support a role for the gut–brain axis in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability multimorbidity. Furthermore, we identified patient subgroups with specific needs, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach for autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability adults. Lay abstract Multimorbidity relates to having multiple chronic health conditions. It is a risk factor for poor health and reduces life expectancy. Autistic people have multiple chronic health conditions and die prematurely, especially if they have an intellectual disability (autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability). Certain pathophysiological processes observed in autism spectrum disorder are common to those related to the genesis and/or maintenance of multimorbidity. Furthermore, multimorbidity could be helpful in better identifying patient subgroups in autism spectrum disorder. It is therefore essential to better characterize multimorbidity and its consequences in the subgroup of autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability individuals to offer them personalized care. We conducted a preliminary study of 63 autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability adults to classify them according to their multimorbidity and search for a specific combination of chronic health conditions. We observed high and early multimorbidity in this sample and identified four classes of participants, distinguished by their multimorbidity status, independence and number of treatments. In addition, we observed a dominant combination of multimorbidity in our sample, combining immune dysfunction and gastrointestinal disorders, neurological and joint diseases. These findings support the hypothesis that an altered gut–brain relationship is involved in the risk of autism spectrum disorder, its outcome, and its association with chronic health conditions. Although larger studies are needed, our results suggest that subgroups of autism spectrum disorder + intellectual disability individuals can be identified based on their multimorbidity and potentially different ageing trajectories. A more comprehensive and personalized approach is needed to reduce the burden of multimorbidity and increase the quality of life and life expectancy in autism spectrum disorder/ intellectual disability.

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“…The resultant increase in intestinal permeability and formation of a “leaky gut,” can increase the infiltration of large amounts of pathogenic bacteria and toxic metabolites into the bloodstream, causing local or systemic inflammation. The inflammatory response can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB), known as the leaky brain, and substances that promote inflammation, such as lipopolysaccharides, may enter the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, mental disorders, and abnormal behavior ( Obrenovich, 2018 ; Yousefi et al, 2022 ). On the other hand, probiotics have shown beneficial effects on host health and behavior, including reversing stress or antibiotic-induced gut microbial disorders and restoring physiological and behavioral changes in the host by modulating gut-brain axis signaling via hormones, immune factors, etc., ( Arslanova et al, 2021 ; Mindus et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 on the gut microbiota, barrier integrity, and 5-HT metabolism in reducing feather-pecking behavior in laying hens with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis

Huang

Yue

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The development of abnormal feather-pecking (FP) behavior, where laying hens display harmful pecks in conspecifics, is multifactorial and has been linked to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Antibiotics affect the gut microbial composition, leading to gut-brain axis imbalance and behavior and physiology changes in many species. However, it is not clear whether intestinal dysbacteriosis can induce the development of damaging behavior, such as FP. The restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 against intestinal dysbacteriosis-induced alternations need to be determined either. The current investigation aimed to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in laying hens by supplementing their diet with the antibiotic lincomycin hydrochloride. The study revealed that antibiotic exposure resulted in decreased egg production performance and an increased tendency toward severe feather-pecking (SFP) behavior in laying hens. Moreover, intestinal and blood-brain barrier functions were impaired, and 5-HT metabolism was inhibited. However, treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 following antibiotic exposure significantly alleviated the decline in egg production performance and reduced SFP behavior. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 supplementation restored the profile of the gut microbial community, and showed a strong positive effect by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum and hypothalamus and promoting the expression of genes related to central 5-HT metabolism. The correlation analysis revealed that probiotic-enhanced bacteria were positively correlated, and probiotic-reduced bacteria were negatively correlated with tight junction-related gene expression, and 5-HT metabolism, and butyric acid levels. Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 can reduce antibiotic-induced FP in laying hens and is a promising treatment to improve the welfare of domestic birds.

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The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions

Cited by 24 publications

References 100 publications

Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations

Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations

Multimorbidity patterns and subgroups among autistic adults with intellectual disability: Results from the EFAAR study

Restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 on the gut microbiota, barrier integrity, and 5-HT metabolism in reducing feather-pecking behavior in laying hens with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis

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