Three different subtypes of Hϩ -dependent carriers (named VGLUT1-3) concentrate glutamate into synaptic vesicles before its exocytotic release. Neurons using other neurotransmitter than glutamate (such as cholinergic striatal interneurons and 5-HT neurons) express VGLUT3. It was recently reported that VGLUT3 increases acetylcholine vesicular filling, thereby, stimulating cholinergic transmission. This new regulatory mechanism is herein designated as vesicular-filling synergy (or vesicular synergy). In the present report, we found that deletion of VGLUT3 increased several anxiety-related behaviors in adult and in newborn mice as early as 8 d after birth. This precocious involvement of a vesicular glutamate transporter in anxiety led us to examine the underlying functional implications of VGLUT3 in 5-HT neurons. On one hand, VGLUT3 deletion caused a significant decrease of 5-HT 1A -mediated neurotransmission in raphe nuclei. On the other hand, VGLUT3 positively modulated 5-HT transmission of a specific subset of 5-HT terminals from the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. VGLUT3-and VMAT2-positive serotonergic fibers show little or no 5-HT reuptake transporter. These results unravel the existence of a novel subset of 5-HT terminals in limbic areas that might play a crucial role in anxiety-like behaviors. In summary, VGLUT3 accelerates 5-HT transmission at the level of specific 5-HT terminals and can exert an inhibitory control at the raphe level. Furthermore, our results suggest that the loss of VGLUT3 expression leads to anxiety-associated behaviors and should be considered as a potential new target for the treatment of this disorder.

The heterozygous R445H mutation in OPA1 was found in five patients with optic atrophy and deafness. Audiometry suggested that the sensorineural deafness resulted from auditory neuropathy. Skin fibroblasts showed hyperfragmentation of the mitochondrial network, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis defect. In addition, OPA1 was found to be widely expressed in the sensory and neural cochlear cells of the guinea pig. Thus, optic atrophy and deafness may be related to energy defects due to a fragmented mitochondrial network.

Objective: To assess the American Testing Guidance for Nursing Homes (NHs)dupdated May 19, 2020dwith a new COVID-19 case. Design: Case investigation. Setting and Subjects: All 79 residents and 34 health care personnel (HCP) of an NH. Methods: Seven days after identification of a COVID-19 resident, all residents and HCP underwent realtime reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swabs. This was repeated weekly in all previously negative subjects until the testing identified no new cases, and in all positive subjects until the testing was negative. COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures were implemented in all residents and HCP with positive testing or with COVID-19 symptoms. Standard IPC was also implemented in all HCP. Six weeks after initial testing, all residents underwent testing for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayebased IgG antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms were serially recorded in residents and HCP. Results: A total of 36 residents had a positive rRT-PCR at baseline and 2 at day 7. Six HCP had a positive rRT-PCR at baseline and 2 at day 7. No new COVID-19 cases were diagnosed later. Among the SARS-CoV-2 epositive cases, 6 residents (16%) and 3 HCP (37%) were asymptomatic during the 14 days before testing. Twenty-five residents (92.3%) and all 8 HCP (100%) with a positive rRT-PCR developed IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among the residents and HCP always having tested negative, 2 (5%) and 5 (11.5%), respectively, developed IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These 2 residents had typical COVID-19 symptoms before and after testing and 2/5 HCP were asymptomatic before and after testing. Conclusions and Implications: This study shows the validity of the updated American Testing Guidance for Nursing Homes (NHs). It suggests implementing COVID-19 IPC in both residents and HCP with positive testing or COVID-19 symptoms and warns that asymptomatic HCP with repeated negative rRT-PCR testing can develop antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.Ó 2020 AMDA e The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.After identification of a COVID-19 case in a nursing home (NH), residents are at high risk of serious illness and death from COVID-19, with a rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2. 1,2 The standard COVID-19 diagnosis is based on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). 3 Residents and health care personnel (HCP) with positive rRT-PCR can be asymptomatic at the time of testing and may contribute to transmission. 2 Control strategies focusing only on symptomatic residents are therefore insufficient. This explains why the recent American Testing Guidance for Nursing HomesThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Purpose The European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) is launching a second interim guidance whose aim is to prevent the entrance and spread of COVID-19 into long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods The EuGMS gathered experts to propose a guide of measures to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCFs. It is based on the specific features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LTCFs, residents’ needs, and on experiences conducted in the field. Results Asymptomatic COVID-19 residents and staff members contribute substantially to the dissemination of COVID-19 infection in LTCFs. An infection prevention and control focal point should be set up in every LTCF for (1) supervising infection prevention and control measures aimed at keeping COVID-19 out of LTCFs, (2) RT-PCR testing of residents, staff members, and visitors with COVID-19 symptoms, even atypical, and (3) isolating subjects either infected or in contact with infected subjects. When a first LCTF resident or staff member is infected, a facility-wide RT-PCR test–retest strategy should be implemented for detecting all SARS-CoV-2 carriers. Testing should continue until no new COVID-19 cases are identified. The isolation of residents should be limited as much as possible and associated with measures aiming at limiting its negative effects on their mental and somatic health status. Conclusions An early recognition of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 may help to diagnose COVID-19 residents and staff more promptly. Subsequently, an earlier testing for SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic and asymptomatic LTCF staff and residents will enable the implementation of appropriate infection prevention and control. The negative effects of social isolation in residents should be limited as much as possible.

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To deal with stress, parents of children with ASD use coping strategies that help to tackle the challenging situations of raising their child. This systematic review examines parental coping strategy's questionnaires, factors which influence these coping strategies, interactions between these strategies and perceived stress and their impact on parental quality of life. According to PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search was conducted on Medline, PsycInfo and Eric: 156 articles were identified and 11 studies were selected. Many types of self-reported questionnaires were used to assess parental coping strategies. Studies highlighted that parents of a child with ASD used more avoidance strategies and less social support-seeking strategies than those of typical children. Furthermore, problem-focused coping protects parental stress and quality of life, that on the contrary, emotion-focused coping is a risk factor for alteration. Our systematic review illustrates the need to adapt psychoeducational interventions for parents of children with ASD.

Aim To assess the magnitude of the infection in residents from-and staff working in-a long-term-care facility (LTCF) 7 days after the identification of one resident with confirmed COVID-19 infection and the clinical presentation of the infected residents. Findings Two weeks after the first case, 50.9% of residents and 27.5% of the workers were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diarrhea, fall, delirium, and hypothermia can be initial symptoms of COVID-19 in LTCF residents. Message The rapid dissemination of a COVID-19 infection in a LTCF may be due to a delay in the diagnosis of the first case, whose presentation could be atypical in residents.

Recent studies have suggested that, to reach immunity, immunocompetent SARS-CoV-2 seropositive adults may only require 1 dose rather than 2 doses of a messenger RNA vaccine 1,2 ; however, these studies did not include older adults. Older adults living in nursing homes are at higher risk for severe COVID-19, and the immune response to the vaccine may differ from that of younger, healthier adults.We compared IgG antibody levels after a single dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in nursing home residents with or without prior COVID-19.Methods | Between March and June 2020, we studied residents from nursing homes in Montpellier, France, facing a COVID-19 outbreak. 3 As soon as a resident developed COVID-19, the testing recommendations from the European Geriatric Medicine Society were followed 4 in that all residents were repeatedly tested using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs until no new cases were diagnosed. Participants provided written informed consent and the study was approved by the Montpellier University hospital institutional review board.Six weeks after the end of the outbreak, all residents underwent blood testing for levels of IgG antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. 3 All residents from 6 nursing homes were offered a first vaccine dose in January 2021. Three weeks later, all residents underwent blood testing to quantitatively assess IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and N protein. Levels of IgG antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain were quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott Diagnostics). The results were expressed as arbitrary units (AU)