The role of the complement system in HIV infection and preeclampsia

Pillay, Yazira; Moodley, Jagidesa; Naicker, Thajasvarie

doi:10.1007/s00011-019-01240-0

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The similar C2 expression in our study may be attributed to HAART the standard treatment for all HIV positive patients in South Africa (SA). It is plausible that HAART lowers C2 levels to re-instate immune response [63]. In an astrocytic U373 cell line, HIV-1 increases mRNA level of C2 [64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of regulation of complement C5 activation in HIV associated Preeclampsia

Govender¹,

Mduluza²,

Nandlal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective: Maternal mortality remains a global health concern in developing countries that are also affected by HIV infection. Complement components are anaphylatoxin that mediate several growth factors necessary during pregnancy. An extensive stimulation of the complement system contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; hence its inhibition facilitates a successful pregnancy. The study evaluated the expression of complement components C2 and C5a in HIV and the association with preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 76 pregnant women of which 38 were preeclamptic and 38 normotensive pregnant. The participants were further stratified according to HIV infection status. Bio-Plex multiplex immunoassay method was used to quantify serum concentration of C5a and C2 complement components. Results: The C2 complement concentration was not significantly different between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, irrespective of HIV status as well as pregnancy type. However, based on preeclamptic vs normotensive pregnancy type, the expression of C5a was significantly different ( p = 0.05). The C5a levels were downregulated in preeclampsia compared to normotensive women, irrespective of HIV status. Both C2 and C5a concentrations did not differ across all study groups. Conclusion: This novel study reports a loss of regulation of complement activation shown by the downregulation of C5a in preeclamptic compared to normotensive pregnant women, regardless of HIV status. Complement dysregulation affects the host innate defence, and as a consequence, intensifies placental and fetal injury. Moreover, HIV status did not influence the expression of both C5a and C2, irrespective of pregnancy type, this may be attributed to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of regulation of complement C5 activation in HIV associated Preeclampsia

Govender¹,

Mduluza²,

Nandlal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…This may be related to preeclampsia because there was also a significant shift in the gut microbial communities in women with this disease [48]. Tuberculous peripheral lymphadenopathy (A182) symptoms were frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that shared dysregulation of the complement system with preeclampsia [49,50]. Infections by Coxiella burnetii or Q fever (A78) were associated with adverse maternal outcomes related to preeclampsia, such as intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of preeclampsia: Development and external validation of a nationwide health insurance dataset of the BPJS Kesehatan in Indonesia

Sufriyana

2020

EBioMedicine

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Background: We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted prediction of preeclampsia applied to a nationwide health insurance dataset in Indonesia. Methods: The BPJS Kesehatan dataset have been preprocessed using a nested case-control design into preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 3318) and normotensive pregnant women (n = 19,883) from all women with one pregnancy. The dataset provided 95 features consisting of demographic variables and medical histories started from 24 months to event and ended by delivery as the event. Six algorithms were compared by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) with a subgroup analysis by time to the event. We compared our model to similar prediction models from systematically reviewed studies. In addition, we conducted a text mining analysis based on natural language processing techniques to interpret our modeling results.Findings: The best model consisted of 17 predictors extracted by a random forest algorithm. Nine»12 months to the event was the period that had the best AUROC in external validation by either geographical (0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88À0.89) or temporal split (0.86, 95% CI 0.85À0.86). We compared this model to prediction models in seven studies from 869 records in PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. This model outperformed the previous models in terms of the precision, sensitivity, and specificity in all validation sets. Interpretation: Our low-cost model improved preliminary prediction to decide pregnant women that will be predicted by the models with high specificity and advanced predictors.

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“…While it is well-established that C1q plays a role in viral infection, there is a lack of data on C1q immune response in the triad of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of pregnant women with PE. From this narrative investigation of C1q, it is understood that the complement system is vital in the protection against HIV infection, however, it may also augment infection [ 113 ]. Moreover, C1q expression is intensified in HIV infection.…”

Section: C1q In Hiv-associated Pe and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Complement Protein C1q in COVID-19 and HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia: A Review

Govender

Naicker²

2022

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Dysregulation in component 1q (C1q) levels is associated with weak placental development in preeclampsia (PE). Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV-1) triggers the C1q complex, resulting in opsonization of healthy host cells, contributing to their removal, and augmented progression of HIV disease. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected patients, the deposition of C1q activates the complement. Considering the paucity of data, this review highlights a significant gap in the potential of C1q in the immunocompromised state of preeclamptic HIV-infected women and COVID-19 infection. In PE, C1q is downregulated; while in antiretroviral treatment-treated HIV/COVID-19 infected patients, C1q is upregulated. It is plausible that C1q is augmented in the triad and may exacerbate severity of disease. This thereby provides a foundation for future intended research which involves the investigation of single nucleotide polymorphism expression of the C1q gene, specifically in these diseases.

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The role of the complement system in HIV infection and preeclampsia

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

Loss of regulation of complement C5 activation in HIV associated Preeclampsia

Loss of regulation of complement C5 activation in HIV associated Preeclampsia

Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of preeclampsia: Development and external validation of a nationwide health insurance dataset of the BPJS Kesehatan in Indonesia

The Contribution of Complement Protein C1q in COVID-19 and HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia: A Review

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