The Contribution of Complement Protein C1q in COVID-19 and HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia: A Review

Govender, Sumeshree; Naicker, Thajasvarie

doi:10.1159/000524976

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…84 In COVID-19 patients with severe there is strong immunohistochemical staining for C4a as well as C3, and also MAC that colocalizes with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. 85 As well as, smoking expands the declaration of the C4A gene. 60 We also discover that smoking expands the declaration of the C4A in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking

Rahman

Amin

Yeasmin

et al. 2023

Bioinform Biol Insights

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The COVID-19 coronavirus, which primarily affects the lungs, is the source of the disease known as SARS-CoV-2. According to “Smoking and COVID-19: a scoping review,” about 32% of smokers had a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia at their admission time and 15% of non-smokers had this case of COVID-19 pneumonia. We were able to determine which genes were expressed differently in each group by comparing the expression of gene transcriptomic datasets of COVID-19 patients, smokers, and healthy controls. In all, 37 dysregulated genes are common in COVID-19 patients and smokers, according to our analysis. We have applied all important methods namely protein-protein interaction, hub-protein interaction, drug-protein interaction, tf-gene interaction, and gene-MiRNA interaction of bioinformatics to analyze to understand deeply the connection between both smoking and COVID-19 severity. We have also analyzed Pathways and Gene Ontology where 5 significant signaling pathways were validated with previous literature. Also, we verified 7 hub-proteins, and finally, we validated a total of 7 drugs with the previous study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking

Rahman

Amin

Yeasmin

et al. 2023

Bioinform Biol Insights

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“…This induces the release of cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. [28,29]. Furthermore, opsonization of apoptotic cells by PTX3 affects the clearance of lipid-loaded macrophages and foam cells [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of C – reactive protein and Pentraxin 3 in HIV-associated pre-eclampsia

Moodley,

Pillay,

Govender

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives To compare the expression of inflammatory proteins, pentraxin 3 and c-reactive proteins in HIV-associated normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. Methods Both HIV status (HIV-positive and HIV-negative) and pregnancy type (normotensive pregnant and preeclampsia) were used to stratify the study population (n = 80). Using a ProcartaPlex™ immunoassay technique, the plasma concentrations of pentraxin 3 and c-reactive protein were measured. Results An up-regulation of c-reactive protein was demonstrated in pre-eclamptic versus normotensive women; HIV-positive versus HIV-negative, and across the study population. albeit non-significant. Pentraxin 3 was significantly higher in preeclamptic versus normotensive women (p < 0.0001), irrespective of HIV status. However, no significance was found in HIV status, regardless of pregnancy type. When compared across all groups pentraxin 3 concentrations was significantly different between normotensive HIV-negative versus pre-eclamptic HIV-negative groups (p = 0.0001); and normotensive HIV-negative versus pre-eclamptic HIV-positive groups (p = 0.0049). Conclusions This novel study demonstrated pentraxin 3 concentrations to be significantly higher in pre-eclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women, emanating from oxidative stress and inflammation. C-reactive protein was higher in the normotensive pregnant women compared to pre-eclampsia. This difference may stem from hepatic dysfunction, gestational age, disease severity, interleukin-6 production, and/or sample size.

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“…Several complement components are increased with HIV infection and PE, resulting in a hyper inflammatory state [ 28 ]. The shared pathogenic features of HIV infection and PE may result from an overly active complement [ 29 – 32 ]. Untreated HIV infection was found to have a protective effect against preeclampsia prior to the widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV and preeclampsia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of the angiotensin receptors (AT1, AT2, and AT4) in the placental bed of HIV-infected preeclamptic women of African ancestry

2023

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The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). There is a paucity of data on uteroplacental angiotensin receptors AT1-2 and 4. We evaluated the immunoexpression of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R within the placental bed of PE vs. normotensive (N) pregnancies stratified by HIV status. Placental bed (PB) biopsies (n = 180) were obtained from N and PE women. Both groups were stratified by HIV status and gestational age into early-and late onset-PE. Immuno-labeling of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R was quantified using morphometric image analysis. Immunostaining of PB endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells of spiral arteries (VSMC) displayed an upregulation of AT1R expression compared to the N group (p < 0.0001). Downregulation of AT2R and AT4R expression was observed in PE vs. N group (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001), respectively. AT2R immunoexpression declined between HIV+ve and HIV−ve groups, while AT1R and AT4R displayed an increase. An increase in AT1R expression was noted in the EOPE−ve/+ve and LOPE−ve/+ve compared to N−ve/N+ve. In contrast, AT2R and AT4R expression decreased in EOPE−ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N−ve/N+ve. We demonstrate a significant downregulation of AT2R and AT4R with a concomitant elevated AT1R immunoexpression within PB of HIV-infected PE women. In addition, a decline in AT2R and AT4R with an increase in AT1R immunoexpression in PE, EOPE, and LOPE vs. normotensive pregnancies, irrespective of HIV status. Thus highlighting differential immunoexpression of uteroplacental RAAS receptors based on pregnancy type, HIV status, and gestational age.

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The Contribution of Complement Protein C1q in COVID-19 and HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia: A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 122 publications

Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking

Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking

The role of C – reactive protein and Pentraxin 3 in HIV-associated pre-eclampsia

Differential expression of the angiotensin receptors (AT1, AT2, and AT4) in the placental bed of HIV-infected preeclamptic women of African ancestry

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