The Role of the Cerebellum in Skin-Picking Disorder

Wabnegger, Albert; Schienle, Anne

doi:10.1007/s12311-018-0957-y

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Decreased serotonin and increased dopamine in the ventral striatum are inherent to impulsive behavior, whereas the converse is true of less impulsive behavior [ 35 ]. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have correlated the dysfunction of right fronto-striatal neural network [ 8 ], disconnection of white matter tract in regions involved in motor generation and suppression [ 57 ] as well as volume and cortical thickness abnormalities in both the left and right cerebral [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] and cerebellar regions [ 59 , 60 , 61 ] with impaired motor inhibitory control and maladaptive emotion regulation observed in individuals with SPD [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth

et al. 2021

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Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual’s health and quality of life. The current treatment strategies focus on behavioral and pharmacological therapies that are not very effective. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to provide an introduction to SPD and discuss its current treatment strategies as well as to propose biomaterial-based physical barrier strategies as a supporting or alternative treatment. To this end, searches were conducted within the PubMed database and Google Scholar, and the results obtained were organized and presented as per the following categories: prevalence, etiology, consequences, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. Furthermore, special attention was provided to alternative treatment strategies and biomaterial-based physical treatment strategies. A total of six products with the potential to be applied as physical barrier strategies in supporting SPD treatment were shortlisted and discussed. The results indicated that SPD is a complex, underestimated, and underemphasized neuropsychiatric disorder that needs heightened attention, especially with regard to its treatment and care. Moreover, the high synergistic potential of biomaterials and nanosystems in this area remains to be explored. Certain strategies that are already being utilized for wound healing can also be further exploited, particularly as far as the prevention of infections is concerned.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth

et al. 2021

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“…However, previous studies on this topic showed impaired performance on the tasks measuring the ability to suppress impulsive and premature motor responses, i.e., the stop signal task (SST) [ 19 ], suggesting impaired integrity of neural networks, including the right inferior frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortices (e.g., [ 20 ]). Moreover, as has already been pointed out [ 21 ], skin picking has a strong motor component, which may implicate additional brain areas involved in the mediation of compulsive–impulsive symptoms [ 22 ]. Indeed, white matter abnormalities, including reduced integrity of white matter connecting anterior cingulate cortices [ 23 ], a greater volume of the bilateral nucleus accumbens, and reduced cortical thickness in the right frontal areas [ 24 ], were found in skin-picking patients in structural neuroimaging studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Additionally, functional imaging studies showed alternations regarding activation of the basal ganglia, the insula, and the anterior cingulate cortex during executive planning tasks and exposure to affective pictures [ 14 , 25 , 26 ]. Evidence also exists that SPD patients display structural and functional abnormalities in cerebellum subregions related to motor and affective-cognitive functions [ 21 ]. Many neurological impairments manifest themselves as cognitive deficits which can subsequently affect the severity of skin picking, as well as the ability to effectively cope with symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the ability to control attention, negative affectivity, and skin-picking behaviours in a non-clinical sample. Given the fact that BFRBs seem to be associated with numerous neurocognitive impairments [ 14 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and that low ability to control attention may facilitate the use of maladaptive strategies to cope with negative affect, such us pathological skin manipulation [ 31 ], we hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between attentional control and focused skin picking. Moreover, we hypothesized that negative affectivity can moderate this association in such a way that the link between impaired attentional control and focused skin picking can be stronger in case of individuals who have a tendency to experience frequent and intense negative emotions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Affectivity Moderates the Relationship between Attentional Control and Focused Skin Picking

Starowicz-Filip

Antosz-Rekucka

Kałużna-Wielobób

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Very little is known about the cognitive functioning of people with body-focused repetitive behaviours and the few existing studies provide mixed findings. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between attentional control, negative affectivity, and focused skin picking. We hypothesized that the control of attention is associated with focused style of skin picking and that this relationship is moderated by negative affectivity. The final sample consisted of 273 non-clinical subjects (79% women) aged 18 to 54 years; study variables were assessed using questionnaires. Moderation analysis was conducted, followed by a simple slope analysis, and the Johnson–Neyman technique was used to probe the interaction effect. We found that at the low level of negative affectivity, the relationship between attentional control and focused skin picking is negative, but not at the higher levels of this trait. Interestingly, when negative affectivity reaches very high intensity, the association between attentional control and skin picking becomes positive. This relationship seems to be quite complex and may depend on the way that cognitive abilities are used by the individual, as well as on the stage of cognitive processing that they are applied to. Further studies using behavioural measures of attention are needed to better understand this issue.

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“…The age of onset may be during childhood, adolescence or adulthood but generally it tends to be in adolescence between ages 13 and 15 years of age [ 4 , 5 ]. Several psychiatric co-morbidities have been found to be associated with skin picking leading to self-injury such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), alcohol abuse or dependence, body dysmorphic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatillomania: A Case Report and Literature Review

Malayala¹,

Rehman²,

Vasireddy³

2021

Cureus

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Skin picking disorder, also termed dermatillomania is a condition that leads to repetitive picking of their skin ending up in skin and soft tissue damage. It is classified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth edition under the "obsessive compulsive and related disorders" section. Often associated with other psychiatric conditions like autism, alcohol abuse, obsessive compulsive, body dysmorphic, mood, anxiety and borderline personality disorders, it is a disorder that is quite often underreported. The patient in this case report is a 58-year-old male with a diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who reported severe anxiety and skin picking episodes over several years. He presented to the emergency room with an extensive wound on distal left foot with exposure of the underlying muscle tissue, that resulted from the excessive picking of skin from the left foot. This compulsive behavior started off with picking the skin around his nail beds and slowly got worse. The skin picking would get worse whenever he gets nervous or anxious. The wound was treated with topical wound care and antibiotics. At the time of discharge, he was prescribed oral antibiotics to complete his course of treatment and was referred to the hospital's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program that specializes in treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders. Treatment of dermatillomania is a multipronged approach and should include treatment of the underlying psychiatric illness, the treatment for pruritus and topical treatment of the lesions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have proved to be the most effective in treating the psychiatric component of dermatillomania. Non-pharmacological treatments such as behavioral therapy, habit reversal exercises and support groups have also proved to be helpful and are well tolerated amongst patients suffering from dermatillomania.

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The Role of the Cerebellum in Skin-Picking Disorder

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth

Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth

Negative Affectivity Moderates the Relationship between Attentional Control and Focused Skin Picking

Dermatillomania: A Case Report and Literature Review

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