Abstract:Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant growth of clonal plasma cells, typically arising from asymptomatic precursor conditions, namely monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM). Profound immunological dysfunctions and cytokine deregulation are known to characterize the evolution of the disease, allowing immune escape and proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. In the past decades, several studies have shown that the immune system can recognize MGUS and MM clonal cells, s… Show more
“…Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the immune system can control the proliferation of clonal plasma cells, suggesting that a protective T-cell immunity could be important to prevent the transition from MGUS to MM. 19,20 In severe COVID-19 a massive innate and adaptive immune response (the so-called cytokine storm) is often observed. The humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed by the presence of monoclonal IgG, IgA, and IgM in the days following infection in the serum of COVID-19 patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this reason, SPEP in patients with MC during a period of active infection requires monitoring to ascertain whether the observed MC is temporary. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the immune system can control the proliferation of clonal plasma cells, suggesting that a protective T‐cell immunity could be important to prevent the transition from MGUS to MM 19,20 …”
BackgroundUpon infection activated plasma cells produce large quantities of antibodies which can lead to the emergence of a monoclonal component (MC), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). This study aims to investigate any correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and MC development and, if identified, whether it persists during follow‐up.MethodsSPEPs of 786 patients admitted to hospitals between March 01 2020 and March 31 2022 were evaluated. Positive (SARS‐CoV‐2+) and negative (SARS‐CoV‐2−) patients to nasopharyngeal swab for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR were included. The persistence/new occurrence of MC was investigated for all patients during follow‐up. Patient groups were compared by chi‐square analysis.ResultsMC was identified in 12% of all patients admitted to hospital, of which 28.7% were SARS‐CoV‐2+. The most common immunoglobulin isotype in both groups was IgG‐k. There was no correlation between MC development and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p = 0.173). Furthermore, the risk of MC persistence in SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative patients was revealed to be higher than in the SARS‐CoV‐2+ at follow‐up (HR = 0.591, p = 0.05).ConclusionsOur study suggests that the detection of MC during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is most likely due to the hyperstimulation of the humoral immune system, as also occurs in other viral infections.
“…Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the immune system can control the proliferation of clonal plasma cells, suggesting that a protective T-cell immunity could be important to prevent the transition from MGUS to MM. 19,20 In severe COVID-19 a massive innate and adaptive immune response (the so-called cytokine storm) is often observed. The humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed by the presence of monoclonal IgG, IgA, and IgM in the days following infection in the serum of COVID-19 patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this reason, SPEP in patients with MC during a period of active infection requires monitoring to ascertain whether the observed MC is temporary. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the immune system can control the proliferation of clonal plasma cells, suggesting that a protective T‐cell immunity could be important to prevent the transition from MGUS to MM 19,20 …”
BackgroundUpon infection activated plasma cells produce large quantities of antibodies which can lead to the emergence of a monoclonal component (MC), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). This study aims to investigate any correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and MC development and, if identified, whether it persists during follow‐up.MethodsSPEPs of 786 patients admitted to hospitals between March 01 2020 and March 31 2022 were evaluated. Positive (SARS‐CoV‐2+) and negative (SARS‐CoV‐2−) patients to nasopharyngeal swab for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR were included. The persistence/new occurrence of MC was investigated for all patients during follow‐up. Patient groups were compared by chi‐square analysis.ResultsMC was identified in 12% of all patients admitted to hospital, of which 28.7% were SARS‐CoV‐2+. The most common immunoglobulin isotype in both groups was IgG‐k. There was no correlation between MC development and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p = 0.173). Furthermore, the risk of MC persistence in SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative patients was revealed to be higher than in the SARS‐CoV‐2+ at follow‐up (HR = 0.591, p = 0.05).ConclusionsOur study suggests that the detection of MC during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is most likely due to the hyperstimulation of the humoral immune system, as also occurs in other viral infections.
“…Multiple myeloma (MM) represents around 10% of all hematological malignancies [ 1 , 2 ] and results from the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM) [ 3 ]. MM occurs mainly in the elderly population (median age at diagnosis: 70 years) [ 4 ] and is characterized by anemia, myelosuppression and bone destruction, as well as clinical consequences from the paraproteinemia on kidney function and other organ systems [ 5 ].…”
Multiple myeloma results from the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). In this study, the cell surface expression markers (CD) on atypical PCs (detected by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC)) were correlated with copy number alterations (CNAs) in the genome (detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)) to assess their impact on prognosis in newly diagnosed MM patients. Statistically significant results were obtained when different stages of PC maturation (classified based on CD19 and CD81 expression) were associated with CD117 expression and identified CNAs. In the intermediately differentiated PC group (CD19(−) CD81(+)), patients who didn’t express CD117 had a lower median progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.024). Moreover, within this group, patients with less than three adverse CNAs, which harbor CD117, had a better outcome with a PFS of more than 48 months compared with 19 months (p = 0.008). Considering all the results, our study suggested the need to integrate both the CD markers and copy number alterations to evaluate the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.
“…Therefore, there is a close pathophysiological relationship between hematological diseases and the immune system, and the elucidation of these molecular mechanisms will advance the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant hematologic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Contemporary studies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] have focused on the applications of molecular immunology in hematology, providing fresh insights into the molecular immunological mechanisms involved in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic diseases.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the mechanisms through which myeloma cell clones evade the immune system are not well understood, it has been suggested that impaired T cell function may inhibit the eradication of myeloma cell clones. Lagreca et al [ 4 ] provide an excellent review, focusing on the role of T cells and the bone marrow microenvironment in the development and progression of MM. Myeloma cell clones are assumed to acquire genetic abnormalities that favor proliferation and immune escape.…”
This Special Issue aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma [...]
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.