The Role of Sports Vision in Eye Care Today

Kirschen, David; Laby, Daniel M.

doi:10.1097/icl.0b013e3182126a08

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The visual demands of different sports have been empirically studied [ 5 , 6 ] and there is a strong view that the demands can differ greatly from sport to sport. Note that by “vision”, we are not necessarily referring to “visual acuity” as there are many other measures of ‘vision’ which can be deployed [ 7 ]. Certainly, the ability to resolve fine details, visual acuity, particularly under dynamic conditions might be critical, since officials and players are constantly in motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in high-level football officials

et al. 2017

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Officiating in football depends, at least to some extent, upon adequate visual function. However, there is no vision standard for football officiating and the nature of the relationship between officiating performance and level of vision is unknown. As a first step in characterising this relationship, we report on the clinically-measured vision and on the perceived level of vision in elite-level, Portuguese football officials. Seventy-one referees (R) and assistant referees (AR) participated in the study, representing 92% of the total population of elite level football officials in Portugal in the 2013/2014 season. Nine of the 22 Rs (40.9%) and ten of the 49 ARs (20.4%) were international-level. Information about visual history was also gathered. Perceived vision was assessed using the preference-values-assigned-to-global-visual-status (PVVS) and the Quality-of-Vision (QoV) questionnaire. Standard clinical vision measures (including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis) were gathered in a subset (n = 44, 62%) of the participants. Data were analysed according to the type (R/AR) and level (international/national) of official, and Bonferroni corrections were applied to reduce the risk of type I errors. Adopting criterion for statistical significance of p<0.01, PVVS scores did not differ between R and AR (p = 0.88), or between national- and international-level officials (p = 0.66). Similarly, QoV scores did not differ between R and AR in frequency (p = 0.50), severity (p = 0.71) or bothersomeness (p = 0.81) of symptoms, or between international-level vs national-level officials for frequency (p = 0.03) or bothersomeness (p = 0.07) of symptoms. However, international-level officials reported less severe symptoms than their national-level counterparts (p<0.01). Overall, 18.3% of officials had either never had an eye examination or if they had, it was more than 3 years previously. Regarding refractive correction, 4.2% had undergone refractive surgery and 23.9% wear contact lenses when officiating. Clinical vision measures in the football officials were similar to published normative values for young, adult populations and similar between R and AR. Clinically-measured vision did not differ according to officiating level. Visual acuity measured with and without a pinhole disc indicated that around one quarter of participants may be capable of better vision when officiating, as evidenced by better acuity (≥1 line of letters) using the pinhole. Amongst the clinical visual tests we used, we did not find evidence for above-average performance in elite-level football officials. Although the impact of uncorrected mild to moderate refractive error upon officiating performance is unknown, with a greater uptake of eye examinations, visual acuity may be improved in around a quarter of officials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in high-level football officials

et al. 2017

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“…Although static visual acuity – and consequently, refractive error – is considered the base of the pyramid in the assessment of visual skills of an athlete, and in spite of the fact that several papers analyse these parameters in various sports (such as tennis, cricket, basketball and baseball), it is difficult to find relevant information on this topic with regard to elite football.…”

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confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic visual acuity and refractive errors in elite football players

Jorge

Fernandes

2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…This article analyzed the importance of the dominant eye and how skills in shooting sports could be improved. However, publications on sports visions were still very limited until the mid-1990s; nonetheless, the number of papers being published was increasing and these were beginning to cover a range of topics [ 70 ]. Studies by Fullerton [ 71 ] and Winogrand [ 72 ], which were published in 1925 and 1942, respectively, demonstrated that athletes presented better visual skills than amateur athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although there is an increasing interest in the training of visual skills to improve sports performance, it is not clear whether or not visual training will improve performance on the field of play. This is related to the lack of scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of vision training on sports performance, as a result of a focus on the methodology, which results in a lack of validity of the training methods [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citations Network Analysis of Vision and Sport

Nascimento

Martínez-Pérez

Álvarez-Peregrina

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Sports vision is a relatively new specialty, which has attracted particular interest in recent years from trainers and athletes, who are looking at ways of improving their visual skills to attain better performance on the field of play. The objective of this study was to use citation networks to analyze the relationships between the different publications and authors, as well as to identify the different areas of research and determine the most cited publication. Methods: The search for publications was carried out in the Web of Science database, using the terms “sport”, “vision”, and “eye” for the period between 1911 and August 2020. The publication analysis was performed using the Citation Network Explorer and CiteSpace software. Results: In total, 635 publications and 801 citations were found across the network, with 2019 being the year with the highest number of publications. The most cited publication was published in 2002 by Williams et al. By using the clustering functionality, four groups covering the different research areas in this field were found: ocular lesion, visual training methods and efficiency, visual fixation training, and concussions. Conclusions: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main papers on sports vision.

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The Role of Sports Vision in Eye Care Today

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Vision in high-level football officials

Vision in high-level football officials

Static and dynamic visual acuity and refractive errors in elite football players

Citations Network Analysis of Vision and Sport

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