The role of some site geochemical processes in the development and stabilisation of three badland sites in Almerı́a, Southern Spain

Faulkner, Hazel P.; Spivey, D; Alexánder, Roy

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(00)00024-6

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Lateral preferential flow in soil pipe systems, which crucially determines hillslope scale subsurface runoff generation, is intermittent and is likely to be a threshold phenomenon as well (Adams and Parkin, 2002;Buttle and McDonald, 2002;Negishi et al, 2007;Weiler and McDonnell, 2007). Threshold behaviour is also discussed in the context of the long-term development of soil structures and landforms (Newson and Newson, 2000;Phillips, 2004Phillips, , 2006, fluvial morphology (Willgoose et al, 1991a(Willgoose et al, , 1991bGrant, 1997;Piégay et al, 2000;Fryirs et al, 2007;Harnischmacher, 2007), rill and gully erosion (Bull and Kirkby, 1997;Kirkby et al, 2003;Poesen et al, 2003;Shao et al, 2005;Parkner et al, 2006Parkner et al, , 2007, badlands formation (CalvoCases and Harvey, 1996;Howard, 1997;Faulkner et al, 2000Faulkner et al, , 2003Boardman et al, 2003;Faulkner, 2008), and formation and growth of channel networks (Willgoose et al, 1991a(Willgoose et al, , 1991bRinaldo et al, 1996;Rodriguez-Iturbe et al, 1998;Rodriguez-Iturbe and Rinaldo, 2001). Threshold behaviour and feedbacks between vegetation patterns and redistribution of abiotic resources determine the resilience of geoecosystems in semi-arid regions (Grant, 1997;Piégay et al, 2000;Wilcox et al, 2003a;Wilcox and Newman, 2005;Fryirs et al, 2007;…”

Section: Examples Of Threshold Behaviour In Hydrology and Earth Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Zehe¹,

Sivapalan

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

196

139

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Abstract. In this paper we review threshold behaviour in environmental systems, which are often associated with the onset of floods, contamination and erosion events, and other degenerative processes. Key objectives of this review are to a) suggest indicators for detecting threshold behavior, b) discuss their implications for predictability, c) distinguish different forms of threshold behavior and their underlying controls, and d) hypothesise on possible reasons for why threshold behaviour might occur. Threshold behaviour involves a fast qualitative change of either a single process or the response of a system. For elementary phenomena this switch occurs when boundary conditions (e.g., energy inputs) or system states as expressed by dimensionless quantities (e.g. the Reynolds number) exceed threshold values. Mixing, water movement or depletion of thermodynamic gradients becomes much more efficient as a result. Intermittency is a very good indicator for detecting event scale threshold behavior in hydrological systems. Predictability of intermittent processes/system responses is inherently low for combinations of systems states and/or boundary conditions that push the system close to a threshold. Post hoc identification of "cause-effect relations" to explain when the system became critical is inherently difficult because of our limited ability to perform observations under controlled identical experimental conditions. In this review, we distinguish three forms of threshold behavior. The first one is threshold behavior at the Correspondence to: E. Zehe (e.zehe@bv.tum.de) process level that is controlled by the interplay of local soil characteristics and states, vegetation and the rainfall forcing. Overland flow formation, particle detachment and preferential flow are examples of this. The second form of threshold behaviour is the response of systems of intermediate complexity -e.g., catchment runoff response and sediment yield -governed by the redistribution of water and sediments in space and time. These are controlled by the topological architecture of the catchments that interacts with system states and the boundary conditions. Crossing the response thresholds means to establish connectedness of surface or subsurface flow paths to the catchment outlet. Subsurface stormflow in humid areas, overland flow and erosion in semi-arid and arid areas are examples, and explain that crossing local process thresholds is necessary but not sufficient to trigger a system response threshold. The third form of threshold behaviour involves changes in the "architecture" of human geoecosystems, which experience various disturbances. As a result substantial change in hydrological functioning of a system is induced, when the disturbances exceed the resilience of the geo-ecosystem. We present examples from savannah ecosystems, humid agricultural systems, mining activities affecting rainfall runoff in forested areas, badlands formation in Spain, and the restoration of the Upper Rhine river basin as examples of this phenomenon. This fun...

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Section: Examples Of Threshold Behaviour In Hydrology and Earth Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Zehe¹,

Sivapalan

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

196

139

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“…Así mismo, esa relación es inversa con el contenido en montmorillonita. Tal como han mostrado otros autores (Faulkner et al, 2000) es el contenido en sales dispersantes el principal factor que posibilita el desarrollo de pipes en estas laderas de badlands. …”

Section: Figura 9 Distribución De La Sar Y Ce En Diferentes Ambienteunclassified

“…El desarrollo de túneles también ha sido utilizado para explicar los procesos muy acelerados de desarrollo de cárcavas en zonas aterrazadas para el cultivo (Romero Díaz et al, 2007), del incremento de las tasas de erosión en reforestaciones realizadas utilizando terrazas (Linares et al, 2002) y en general como factor de aceleración de la erosión en suelos salinos (García Ruiz, 2010) Aunque existen numerosos mecanismos que conducen a la formación de túneles por piping (Jones, 2010) en los medios semejantes a nuestra zona de estudio, en el SE español, son determinadas propiedades químicas de los suelos relacionadas con el contenido en sales (López Bermúdez y Torcal Sáinz, 1986;Faulkner et al, 2000;Piccarreta et al, 2006) y la modificación de la topografía introducida por determinados procesos o factores (Faulkner et al, 2008) los principales responsables de esta génesis de cárcavas y regueros dependientes del desarrollo de túneles.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cárcavas y regueros generados en suelos sódicos : Petrer (Alicante, España)

Calvo-Cases

Boix‐Fayos²,

Arnau-Rosalén

et al. 2013

CIG

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RESUMEN. Este artículo pretende mostrar las interacciones entre los procesos de piping y la formación de cárcavas y regueros en diferentes sub-sistemas (laderas y rellenos de fondo de valle) de una pequeña cuenca del SE español. Se analiza la influencia de diversas propiedades del los suelos y regolitos en el desarrollo de formas asociadas al piping. Los sistemas reguero-tunel de las laderas de badlands están principalmente relacionados con la ratio de absorción de sodio (SAR) y la conductividad eléctrica (CE) de los suelos. En contraste, en los rellenos de fondo de valle estas propiedades químicas interactúan con las discontinuidades en el gradiente hidráulico introducidas por las terrazas de cultivo y la infiltración forzada que favorecen algunas prácticas agrícolas.Gullies and rills on sodic soils. Petrer (Alicante, Spain) ABSTRACT. This paper concerns with the interaction between piping processes and the development of gullies and rills in different sub-systems (hillslopes and valley floor fills) present in a small catchment in SE Spain. The influence of several soil and regolith properties over forms associated to piping is analyzed. Rill-pipe systems are on the badland hillslopes mainly related with the sodium absorption rate (SAR) and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soils. In contrast at valley fills these chemical properties interact with the discontinuities of the hydraulic gradient introduced by the agricultural terraces and the forced infiltration provided by some agricultural practices.Palabras clave: piping, cárcavas, regueros, badlands.

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“…Otro factor importante en el desarrollo de los procesos de piping es la presencia de gradientes hidráulicos (Parker, 1964, Faulkner et al, 2000. Los gradientes hidráulicos pueden ser naturales, pero también creados por el hombre, como es el caso de la construcción de terrazas de cultivo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influencia de los factores topográficos en los procesos de piping, Murcia (España)

Díaz

Sarria

Soriano

2013

CIG

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The role of some site geochemical processes in the development and stabilisation of three badland sites in Almerı́a, Southern Spain

Cited by 78 publications

References 10 publications

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Cárcavas y regueros generados en suelos sódicos : Petrer (Alicante, España)

Influencia de los factores topográficos en los procesos de piping, Murcia (España)

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