The Role of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Abstract

Intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is related to inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (sLRP-1) is involved in anti-inflammatory and metabolic processes. However, its ligand, calreticulin (CALR) promotes pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our aim was to analyse the levels of these biomarkers in OSA. We recruited 46 patients with OSA and 30 control subjects. Inpatient sleep study was performed and fasting plasma samples were collected. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. Plasma sLRP-1 levels were significantly lower in the OSA group compared to the controls (1.67 (0.90–2.11) mg/L vs. 1.99 (1.53–3.51) mg/L; p = 0.04) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and lipid profile. Plasma sLRP-1 concentrations were inversely related to age (r = −0.29), BMI (r = −0.35), cigarette pack years (r = −0.31), LDL-C (r = −0.34) and triglyceride levels (r = −0.27), TyG (r = −0.37) and AIP (r = −0.27) as well as to the oxygen desaturation index (ODI, r = −0.24; all p < 0.05). BMI (p = 0.01) and ODI (p = 0.04) were independent predictors for low sLRP-1 levels. CALR did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.23 (0.17–0.34) ng/mL vs. 0.24 (0.20–0.36) ng/mL p = 0.76). We detected lower sLRP-1 levels in subjects with OSA which could contribute to metabolic abnormalities associated with this disease.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia

“…Moreover, vitamin D [ 139 ] and klotho [ 140 ], which both increase LRP-1 expression, are decreased in OSA [ 141 , 142 ]. The shedding of LRP-1 is facilitated by pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 38 ] or atherogenic lipoproteins [ 143 ], resulting in its soluble form (sLRP-1) which can be measured in the circulation; sLRP-1 was decreased in OSA and correlated with disease severity [ 144 ].…”

The Association Between Triglyceride-glycemic Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): a Meta- Analysis

“…All studies reported criteria for enrollment and exclusion of participants. One study [18] was performed in population without obesity and diabetes, while the rest of the studies [17,22,23] were performed in cohorts regardless of their metabolic status. The NOS scores of included studies range from 5 to 7, except for Kang et al [23], which indicates the quality of included studies overall is high.…”

Association between glycolipids and risk of obstructive sleep apnea: A population-based study

“…OxLDL is no longer recognized by cellular receptors with consequent inflammation and plaque formation on the internal surfaces of blood vessels [ 44 ]. This could be due to the fact that LDL particles are not removed by the liver and peripheral cells due to the depletion of LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) in OSA [ 45 ]. In addition, emerging randomized trials for patients with OSA found that plasma levels of lipid biomarkers were reversed by CPAP treatment, which suggests causality [ 34 ].…”