Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good clinical application prospects in diabetes treatment. In addition, TCM is less toxic and/or has fewer side effects and provides various therapeutic effects. Berberine (BBR) is isolated as the main component in many TCM kinds (e.g., Rhizoma Coptidis and Berberidis Cortex). Furthermore, BBR can reduce blood sugar and blood fat, alleviate inflammation, and improve the state of patients. Based on the recent study results of BBR in diabetes treatment, the BBR pharmacokinetics and mechanism on diabetes are mainly studied, and the specific molecular mechanism of related experimental BBR is systematically summarized and analyzed. Clinical studies have proved that BBR has a good therapeutic effect on diabetes, suggesting that BBR may be a promising drug candidate for diabetes. More detailed BBR mechanisms and pathways of BBR need to be studied further in depth, which will help understand the BBR pharmacology in diabetes treatment.
Background: Triglyceride-glycemic (TyG) index is proposed to be an alternative tool for evaluating insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, TyG index has emerged as a potential biomarker of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), while its performance is still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of TyG index in the diagnosis of OSA.Method: Systematic literature search through Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data until November 17, 2021 was performed to retrieve studies that compared TyG index levels between OSA patients and healthy controls. The mean difference (MD) of TyG index was pooled using random-effect models. Results: Studies included in this meta-analysis uniformly identified increased levels of TyG index in OSA patients compared with control groups, and the pooled variance is 0.43 (95% CI = 0.36-0.50, P < 0.001; I² = 35%, p = 0.19). This finding is particularly reliable in severe OSA patients (MD = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.33-0.46, I² = 0%, p = 0.62). Conclusion: TyG index could be a promising biomarker for OSA, especially severe OSA with readily available and cost-effective evaluation techniques.
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