The role of self-disturbances and cognitive biases in the relationship between traumatic life events and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical sample

Gawęda, Łukasz; Starowicz-Filip, Anna; Adamczyk, Przemysław; Frydecka, Dorota; Misiak, Błażej; Kotowicz, Kamila; Szczepanowski, Remigiusz; Florkowski, Marcin; Nelson, Barnaby

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.023

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to address the latent structure of SD in a non-clinical sample using LCA. The data showed the presence of five distinct subgroups within the SD con- (Gaweda et al, 2018c;Moritz et al, 2017). It is postulated in Nelson and Sass (2017) recent theoretical model that cognitive biases such as sourcemonitoring deficits could be neurocognitive correlates of SD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Recently, the scale has been used in studies on psychosis proneness (Cicero et al, 2017) and among schizophrenia spectrum patients (Cicero, Klaunig, Trask, & Neis, 2016). We used a Polish version of the IPASE (Gaweda et al, 2018c). For this study, due to its nature (online screening) and the length of the scale we developed a short version of the IPASE that consists of 15 items.…”

Section: Self-disturbances (Sd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18) (van der Gaag et al, 2013) is a self-report scale that assesses cognitive biases associated with psychosis. The Polish version of the questionnaire was prepared with a back-translation procedure and has been used previously (Gaweda et al, 2018c;Gaweda, Prochwicz, & Cella, 2015). Due to the length of this scale and the nature of our study (online screening) we decided to use two subscales (Safety Behaviors and Attentional Biases) of the DACOBS-18 that have been proven to be the best predictors of psychosis risk (Gaweda et al, 2018d).…”

Section: Cognitive Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second goal was to examine if and to what extent the identified classes of SD and PLEs overlap. SD and PLEs are related to broad psychopathology (Buckley, Miller, Lehrer, & Castle, 2009;Gaweda et al, 2018c;Honings et al, 2016). Therefore, the third goal was to investigate the relationship between LCA classes and important markers of risk for psychosis, namely an exposure to childhood trauma, cognitive biases, insomnia, suicidality, depression and psychiatric diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Pionke

Gidzgier

Nelson

et al. 2019

Int J Methods Psych Res

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Objectives We aimed to investigate latent classes of psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and self‐disturbances (SD) and to explore mutual overlapping between derived subgroups. Further, our goal was to investigate class membership relationship with an exposure to childhood trauma and different psychopathological factors such as cognitive biases, depression, insomnia, psychiatric diagnosis and lifetime suicidality. Methods Participants consist of 3167 non‐clinical adults. We performed two latent class analyses (LCA), for PLEs and SD separately, to identify subgroups of individuals with different profiles on PLEs and SD. Associations between psychopathological factors and latent class membership were examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results LCA produced 5 classes within SD and 3 classes within PLEs. Class of the highest endorsement of SD showed 53% overlap with class of the highest endorsement of PLEs. The highest risk of belonging to High Class for both SD and PLEs was associated in particular with depression, cognitive biases and insomnia. Trauma emerged as a significant predictor only for PLEs classes. Conclusions Our findings confirm that high PLEs and SD co‐occur and are concentrated in a relatively small number of individuals, at least in the general population. Their combination may capture the highest risk of psychosis in the general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Self-disturbances (Sd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Pionke

Gidzgier

Nelson

et al. 2019

Int J Methods Psych Res

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“…Given that early-life stress is neither necessary nor sufficient to trigger the onset of psychosis as approximately one third of patients with psychosis report this type of experiences, insights into potential mediators and moderators should be taken into account (4,6). Indeed, a number of psychological phenomena have been found to mediate the effects of traumatic events on psychosis risk, including cognitive biases and self disturbances (51,52). Childhood adversities have been associated with increased AL index in adult non-clinical populations (53,54); however, a mediating effect of social support has been reported (54).…”

Section: Summary Of Evidence and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Allostatic Load, and Psychosis: One Step Forward in Research But Where to Go Next?

Misiak

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Stress exposure leads to the activation of several biological mechanisms that have been termed allostasis. These processes enable adaptation to novel situations; however; their prolonged activation exerts systemic and detrimental effects called the allostatic load (AL). The AL concept represents one of useful paradigms to describe biological consequences of chronic stress that might lead to a number of disease outcomes. The AL index, which is a collective measure of cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and immune dysregulations associated with stress exposure, has been found to predict morbidity and mortality in non-clinical populations. Consequently, it has been proposed that the AL concept might be a useful framework to describe biological consequences of chronic stress exposure in patients with psychotic disorders. This perspective article is an overview of studies investigating the AL index and its clinical correlates in patients with psychotic disorders. These studies have consistently reported elevated AL index in patients at the early and chronic course of psychosis. In addition, the AL index has been associated with a higher severity of positive and depressive symptoms, working memory impairments, and lower general functioning. The article provides some critical appraisal of studies in this field and indicates several future directions for investigating the AL concept in psychosis.

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Integrating trauma, self-disturbances, cognitive biases, and personality into a model for the risk of psychosis: a longitudinal study in a non-clinical sample

Pionke-Ubych

Frydecka

Cechnicki

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The hypothesis of the psychosis continuum enables to study the mechanisms of psychosis risk not only in clinical samples but in non-clinical as well. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate self-disturbances (SD), a risk factor that has attracted substantial interest over the last two decades, in combination with trauma, cognitive biases and personality, and to test whether SD are associated with subclinical positive symptoms (PS) over a 12-month follow-up period. Our study was conducted in a non-clinical sample of 139 Polish young adults (81 females, age M = 25.32, SD = 4.51) who were selected for frequent experience of subclinical PS. Participants completed self-report questionnaires for the evaluation of SD (IPASE), trauma (CECA.Q), cognitive biases (DACOBS) and personality (TCI), and were interviewed for subclinical PS (CAARMS). SD and subclinical PS were re-assessed 12 months after baseline measurement. The hypothesized model for psychosis risk was tested using path analysis. The change in SD and subclinical PS over the 12-month period was investigated with non-parametric equivalent of dependent sample t-tests. The models with self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) as personality variables were found to be well-fitted and explained 34% of the variance in subclinical PS at follow-up. Moreover, we found a significant reduction of SD and subclinical PS after 12 months. Our study suggests that combining trauma, cognitive biases, SD and personality traits such as ST and HA into one model can enhance our understanding of appearance as well as maintenance of subclinical PS.

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The role of self-disturbances and cognitive biases in the relationship between traumatic life events and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical sample

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Stress, Allostatic Load, and Psychosis: One Step Forward in Research But Where to Go Next?

Integrating trauma, self-disturbances, cognitive biases, and personality into a model for the risk of psychosis: a longitudinal study in a non-clinical sample

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