Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to investigate latent classes of psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and self‐disturbances (SD) and to explore mutual overlapping between derived subgroups. Further, our goal was to investigate class membership relationship with an exposure to childhood trauma and different psychopathological factors such as cognitive biases, depression, insomnia, psychiatric diagnosis and lifetime suicidality. Methods Participants consist of 3167 non‐clinical adults. We performed two latent class analyses (LCA), for PLEs and SD separately, to identify subgroups of individuals with different profiles on PLEs and SD. Associations between psychopathological factors and latent class membership were examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results LCA produced 5 classes within SD and 3 classes within PLEs. Class of the highest endorsement of SD showed 53% overlap with class of the highest endorsement of PLEs. The highest risk of belonging to High Class for both SD and PLEs was associated in particular with depression, cognitive biases and insomnia. Trauma emerged as a significant predictor only for PLEs classes. Conclusions Our findings confirm that high PLEs and SD co‐occur and are concentrated in a relatively small number of individuals, at least in the general population. Their combination may capture the highest risk of psychosis in the general population.

Looking within: Interoceptive sensibility in young adults with psychotic‐like experiences

“…Lower scores were also observed in the Trusting sub-scale, indicating that individuals in the High-Risk group were less likely to consider their body as a safe place. While there are no previous studies that have directly explored trust in one's own body across the psychosis spectrum, our results appear to be consistent with studies that have reported coenaesthesia and abnormal body perception in healthy individuals who appear to be prone to psychotic experiences (Gawęda et al, 2019;Germine et al, 2013;Graham et al, 2015;Pionke et al, 2020), and among individuals with schizotypal personality (Van Doorn et al, 2018). Similar results have also been observed among help-seeking and clinical samples including individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (Nelson et al, 2012), and patients with schizophrenia (Klaver & Dijkerman, 2016).…”

“…The presence of PLEs can impact daily functioning and is considered indicative of an increased risk to develop psychosis (Bukenaite et al, 2017;Fisher et al, 2013;Kaymaz et al, 2012;Mossaheb et al, 2012). Similar to patients with psychosis, studies conducted on this population have highlighted abnormal self-and bodily experiences, sleep dysfunction, and impaired social cognition (Andorko et al, 2017;Barragan et al, 2011;Gawęda et al, 2019;Graham et al, 2015;Pionke et al, 2020). Abnormal functioning of the insular cortex has also been reported (Papanastasiou et al, 2020), suggesting that interoception is likely an area worthy of investigation.…”

Validation of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale among Indian Healthy Adults

“…LCA classified the sample into 3 classes: low, intermediate and high endorsement of HLEs, providing evidence for their existence on a continuum (van Os and Reininghaus, 2016). The three classes differed quantitatively with the largest group being the low endorsement group (48%), similar to Pionke et al's (2019) study. Class 3 or the high endorsement group was the smallest supporting Linscott and Van Os (2013) hypothesis that the most severe class is less frequent in the general population.…”

“…Latent class analysis (LCA) helps to identify subgroups in the larger population that have probabilistically similar endorsement profiles for PLEs, and to understand the pattern of their experiences (Gale et al, 2011). Some studies have found a three class solution of PLEs in the general population using LCA (Gale et al, 2011;Mamah et al, 2013;Pionke et al, 2019), while others have found a four class solution (Pignon et al, 2018;Shevlin et al, 2007) with differing degrees of PLEs endorsement ranging from a 'normative' class (almost no psychotic symptoms) to a 'psychosis' class (very high prevalence of all psychotic symptoms). These studies have clinical relevance as greater the prevalence of PLEs in a subgroup, greater is the prevalence of comorbid psychopathology.…”

Integrating trauma, self-disturbances, cognitive biases, and personality into a model for the risk of psychosis: a longitudinal study in a non-clinical sample

“…Thus, SD can be considered more broadly, not only as phenomena that constitute the core of schizophrenia but also as self-experiences present on a continuum of a varying intensity [32]. This seems to be confirmed by studies revealing their occurrence in non-clinical populations where they correlate with PLEs [33][34][35] and schizotypy [36,37]. Some authors also point to the need to search for these types of SD that, apart from their intensity, would distinguish SSD from other disorders [28].…”