The Role of Secretion Systems and Small Molecules in Soft-Rot <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Pathogenicity

Charkowski, Amy O.; Blanco, Carlos; Condemine, Guy; Expert, Dominique; Franza, Thierry; Hayes, Christopher S.; Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat, Nicole; Solanilla, Emilia López; Low, David A.; Moleleki, Lucy N.; Pirhonen, Minna; Pitman, Andrew R.; Perna, Nicole T.; Reverchon, Sylvie; Palenzuela, Pablo Rodríguez; Francisco, Michael San; Toth, Ian K.; Tsuyumu, Shinji; Waals, J. E. van der; Wolf, Jan van der; Gijsegem, Frédérique Van; Yang, Ching‐Hong; Yedidia, Iris

doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173013

Cited by 209 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Members of the soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) occur in two main genera, Pectobacterium and Dickeya (6,9). Collectively, they are responsible for the soft rot-blackleg/wilt disease complex in a large number of crop and ornamental plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colonization Patterns of an mCherry-Tagged Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Strain in Potato Plants

Kubheka¹,

Coutinho²,

Moleleki³

et al. 2013

Phytopathology®

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Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense is a newly identified member of the potato soft rot enterobacteriaceae. The pathogenesis of this pathogen is still poorly understood. In this study, an mCherry-P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense-tagged strain was generated to study P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense-potato plant interactions. Prior to use, the tagged strain was evaluated for in vitro growth, plasmid stability, and virulence on potato tubers and shown to be similar to the wild type. Four potato cultivars were evaluated for stem-based resistance against P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy and in vitro viable cell counts showed that P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense is able to penetrate roots of a susceptible potato cultivar as early as 12 h postinoculation and migrate upward into aerial stem parts. Due to the phenotypic differences observed between tolerant and susceptible cultivars, a comparison of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense colonization patterns in these cultivars was undertaken. In the susceptible cultivar, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense cells colonized the xylem tissue, forming "biofilm-like" aggregates that led to occlusion of some of the vessels. In contrast, in the tolerant cultivar, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense appeared as free-swimming planktonic cells with no specific tissue localization. This suggests that there are resistance mechanisms in the tolerant cultivar that limit aggregation of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense in planta and, hence, the lack of symptom development in this cultivar.Additional keyword: Dickeya.

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confidence: 99%

Colonization Patterns of an mCherry-Tagged Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Strain in Potato Plants

Kubheka¹,

Coutinho²,

Moleleki³

et al. 2013

Phytopathology®

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“…Early studies on the regulation of total PL isozymes (PLs) sparked findings of basic or common regulatory mechanisms in SRE. Subsequently, many laboratories focused on further insights to view complex regulatory mechanisms by focusing on PLe based on the sequence data of the Dd strain 3932 3,7 . From these studies, we now realize that so many regulatory mechanisms are involved and in a complex manner to optimize the synthesis of even a single PL isozyme during the pathogenic life cycle.…”

Section: Virulence Genes and Their Regulatory Mechanisms In Soft Rot mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Pathogenicity-related Genes in Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Plant

Tsuyumu

Kimura

Hirata

2014

JARQ

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The genes required for the pathogenicity of plant pathogens can be divided into two groups: those for eliciting virulence and those for establishing host-parasite interactions. Basically, the former genes are required for efficient production of the virulence factor(s) leading to the development of symptoms, while the latter genes are needed for well-balanced production of the factors required at each step of the parasitism. To understand the overall picture of plant pathogenicity, we need to understand not only the list of both genes but also how their expressions are regulated. We chose the major virulence genes of soft rot causing Enterobacteriaceae (represented by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Dickeya dadantii) as a model system for dynamic study of the former genes. For the dynamic study of the latter genes, we chose the hrp genes, many of which are responsible for the Type III secretion system (T3SS) and the genes for the T3SS-dependent effectors of xanthomonads. Particularly since the major effector of xanthomonads, the AvrBs3 group or TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors contain NLS (nuclear localization signal) and an acidic activation domain, their studies are also expected to lead us to dynamic analyses of plant genes too.

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“…Pectinolytic enterobacteria are phytopathogens that infect a wide range of host plants, affecting many crops of economic importance such as vegetables and ornamentals (Toth et al, 2003;Charkowski et al, 2012). These pathogens belong to two genera, Pectobacterium (formerly Erwinia carotovora) and Dickeya (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi), recently divided into multiple species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative classification system has been developed for glycoside hydrolases, based on amino acid sequence and structural similarity (Henrissat & Davies, 1997;Cantarel et al, 2009). The b-glucosidases currently identified are in the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH1, GH3, GH5, GH9 and GH30 (Ketudat-Cairns & Esen, 2010).Pectinolytic enterobacteria are phytopathogens that infect a wide range of host plants, affecting many crops of economic importance such as vegetables and ornamentals (Toth et al, 2003;Charkowski et al, 2012). These pathogens belong to two genera, Pectobacterium (formerly Erwinia carotovora) and Dickeya (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi), recently divided into multiple species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A family 3 glycosyl hydrolase of Dickeya dadantii 3937 is involved in the cleavage of aromatic glucosides

Charaoui-Boukerzaza

Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat

2013

Microbiology

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Dickeya dadantii is a phytopathogenic bacterium secreting a large array of plant-cell-walldegrading enzymes that participate in the infection and maceration of the host plant tissue. Sequencing of the D. dadantii 3937 genome predicted several genes encoding potential glycosidases. One of these genes, bgxA, encodes a protein classified in family 3 of glycosyl hydrolases. Inactivation of bgxA and the use of a gene fusion revealed that this gene is not essential for D. dadantii pathogenicity but that it is expressed during plant infection. The bgxA expression is induced in the presence of glycosidic or non-glycosidic aromatic compounds, notably ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid and salicin. The BgxA enzyme has a principal b-Dglucopyranosidase activity and a secondary b-D-xylopyranosidase activity (ratio 70 : 1). This enzyme activity is inhibited by different aromatic glycosides or phenolic compounds, in particular salicin, arbutin, ferulic acid and vanillic acid. Together, the induction effects and the enzyme inhibition suggest that BgxA is mostly involved in the cleavage of aromatic b-glucosides. There is evidence of functional redundancy in the D. dadantii b-glucoside assimilation pathway. In contrast to other b-glucoside assimilation systems, involving cytoplasmic phospho-b-glucosidases, the cleavage of aromatic glucosides in the periplasmic space by BgxA may avoid the release of a toxic phenolic aglycone into the cytoplasm while still allowing for catabolism of the glucose moiety. INTRODUCTIONb-Glucosidases (b-D-glucopyranoside glucohydrolases, E.C.3.2.1.21) are a heterogeneous group of enzymes, which hydrolyse glycosidic bonds to release non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides and oligosaccharides. These enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of cellobiose and various b-glucosides, the aglycone of which can be an aromatic compound (Ketudat Cairns & Esen, 2010). bGlucosidases are universally found in all domains of living organisms, archaea, eubacteria and eukaryotes. Most microbial b-glucosidases have been investigated in the soil and plant microflora and they have been considered as the ultimate enzymic step in the biological conversion of cellulose into glucose. However, other b-glucosidases preferentially hydrolyse aryl b-glucosides, such as arbutin and salicin (Faure et al., 1999). b-Glucosidases have been the focus of several studies because of their roles in a variety of biological processes, namely, the conversion of cellulose to glucose, the release of aromatic compounds from flavourless glucosidic precursors, the detoxification of cyanogenic glucosides, and the synthesis of useful b-glucosides (Bhatia et al., 2002;Ismail & Hayes, 2005;Ketudat-Cairns & Esen, 2010). The classic enzyme classification (EC) system groups together glycoside hydrolases according to their substrate specificity, for example, the bglucosidases all have the designation EC3.2.1.21. An alternative classification system has been developed for glycoside hydrolases, based on amino acid sequence and structural simila...

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The Role of Secretion Systems and Small Molecules in Soft-Rot Enterobacteriaceae Pathogenicity

Cited by 209 publications

References 170 publications

Colonization Patterns of an mCherry-Tagged Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Strain in Potato Plants

Colonization Patterns of an mCherry-Tagged Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Strain in Potato Plants

Regulation of Pathogenicity-related Genes in Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Plant

A family 3 glycosyl hydrolase of Dickeya dadantii 3937 is involved in the cleavage of aromatic glucosides

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