The Role of Schizotypy in Predicting Performance on Figural and Verbal Imagery-Based Measures of Creativity

LeBoutillier, Nicholas; Barry, Robin A.; Westley, David

doi:10.1080/10400419.2014.961778

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, it could be crucial to differentiate between disorganised vs. negative, and positive vs. impulsive-asocial schizotypy in elucidating their relationship with creativity. For instance, when participants had to construct scenes from randomly chosen shapes, positive schizotypy predicted greater productivity but reduced originality, while disorganised schizotypy predicted greater originality ( LeBoutillier, Barry & Westley, 2014 ). Relatedly, a positive correlation between disorganised schizotypy and remote association problem solving has been documented in a study ( Gibson, Folley & Park, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the theoretical relevance and the measurement of the impulsive-asocial dimension of schizotypy are somewhat controversial (e.g., Lin et al, 2013 ; Fonseca-Pedrero et al, 2015 ), we nevertheless decided to include impulsive-asocial schizotypy in the analyses as several studies have underscored its connection with creativity (e.g., Burch et al, 2006 ; Acar & Runco, 2012 ; Acar & Sen, 2013 ; Stanciu & Papasteri, 2018 ). Based on studies that distinguished between negative and disorganised schizotypy and found the latter to be positively linked to creativity ( Gibson, Folley & Park, 2009 ; Ando, Claridge & Clark, 2014 ; LeBoutillier, Barry & Westley, 2014 ; Mason, Mort & Woo, 2015 ), we expected that disorganised schizotypy will positively predict creative thinking skills and creative accomplishments. We expected to find stronger associations between positive and impulsive schizotypy and creativity in the domain of art ( Acar & Sen, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity

Polner

Simor

Kéri

2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundSchizotypy is a set of personality traits that resemble the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population, and it is associated with various subclinical mental health problems, including sleep disturbances. Additionally, dimensions of schizotypy show specific but weak associations with creativity. Given that creativity demands cognitive control and mental health, and that sleep disturbances negatively impact cognitive control, we predicted that positive, impulsive and disorganised schizotypy will demonstrate stronger associations with indicators of creativity, if the effect of mental health, insomnia, and intellect are statistically controlled.MethodsUniversity students (N = 182) took part in the study. Schizotypy was assessed with the shortened Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (sO-LIFE). Creative achievements were measured with the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ), divergent thinking was assessed with the ‘Just suppose’ task, and remote association problem solving was tested with Compound Remote Associate (CRA) problems. Mental health was assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and insomnia was examined with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Verbal short term memory was measured with the forward digit span task, and intellect was assessed with the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI). Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between creativity and schizotypy. Indicators of creativity were the dependent variables. In the first block, dimensions of schizotypy, age, gender and smoking were entered, and in the second block, the models were extended with mental health, insomnia, verbal short term memory, and intellect.ResultsPositive schizotypy positively predicted real-life creative achievements, independently from the positive effect of intellect. Follow-up analyses revealed that positive schizotypy predicted creative achievements in art, while higher disorganised schizotypy was associated with creative achievements in science (when intellect was controlled for). Furthermore, disorganised schizotypy positively predicted remote association problem solving performance, if insomnia and verbal short term memory were statistically controlled. No dimension of schizotypy was significantly associated with divergent thinking.DiscussionIn line with previous findings, positive schizotypy predicted real-life creative achievements. The positive effects of disorganised schizotypy might be explained in terms of the simultaneous involvement of enhanced semantic priming and cognitive control in problem solving. We speculate that the lack of associations between divergent thinking and schizotypy might be related to instruction effects. Our study underscores the relevance of sleep impairment to the psychosis-spectrum, and refines our knowledge about the adaptive aspects of schizotypy in the general population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity

Polner

Simor

Kéri

2018

PeerJ

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“…With respect to divergent thinking, positive schizotypal traits have been fairly reliably linked to enhanced performance on divergent thinking tests. This has been reported by numerous studies showing that individuals with high positive schizotypy, biased for remote associative processing (Mohr & Claridge, 2015), show significant advantages (both in terms of fluency and originality) on both verbal and figural divergent thinking tasks (Abu-Akel et al, 2020;LeBoutillier, Barry, & Westley, 2014;Rominger et al, 2017;O'Reilly, Dunbar, & Bentall, 2001;Wang et al, 2017). In contrast, research, although limited, reported both positive and negative association of autistic traits with divergent thinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

How Cognitive Control, Autistic and Schizotypal Traits Shape Context Adaptation of Divergent Thinking

Ramain

Möhr

Abu‐Akel

2021

Journal of Creative Behavior

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Divergent thinking, the ability to generate multiple ideas from different perspectives, is considered a central component of the creative thinking process. While context, personality traits, and cognitive control abilities have individually been shown to have large effects on divergent thinking, their interrelationship is yet to be elucidated. In 83 healthy participants (Males = 42%), we investigated how context adaptation of divergent thinking is related to normal variations in autistic and positive schizotypal traits as well as to proactive and reactive cognitive control strategies. Context adaptation of divergent thinking-defined as the variance in the proportion of unique to total responses of a drawing divergent thinking task performed across four different contexts-was predicted by a 3-way interaction of autistic traits, positive schizotypal traits, and cognitive control. Specifically, increasing reactive control improved context adaptation when positive schizotypal traits were high and autistic traits were low, while increasing proactive control was associated with improved context adaptation when both autistic and positive schizotypal traits were high. Both modes of cognitive control can enhance the ability to generate unique ideas across contexts, but this depends on the individuals' specific combinations of autistic and positive schizotypal trait levels.

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“…However, she also made clear that it was those with milder forms (cyclothymia) that were most creative. Other researchers have come to the same conclusion, namely that the relationship between creativity and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and schizotypy is mostly curvilinear (Acar et al, 2018;Cox & Leon, 1999;Gostoli et al, 2017;LeBoutillier et al, 2014; Ruiter . For instance, Kinney and Richards (2017) reported support for the nonlinear inverted-U hypothesis in which creative thought and behavior were maximum at mild levels of bipolar disorder (cyclothymia) and were relatively low at the low and high ends of the disorder.…”

Section: Degree Of Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 84%

Psychopathology in world-class artistic and scientific creativity.

Feist¹,

Dostál²,

Kwan³

2024

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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The role of psychopathology in creative achievement has long been a debated topic in both popular culture and academic discourse. Yet the field is settling on various robust trends that show there is no one answer. Conclusions vary by level and kind of creativity and level and kind of psychopathology. The current study sought to replicate previous findings that linked lifetime rates of psychopathology to world-class levels of creativity. A total of 199 biographies of eminent professionals (creative artists, creative scientists, eminent athletes) were rated by raters who were blind to the identity of the eminent person on 19 mental disorders using a 3point scale of not present (0), probable (1), and present (2). Athletes served as an eminent but not creative comparison group to discern whether fame, independently of creativity, was associated with psychopathology. Results showed that artists exhibited higher lifetime rates of psychopathology than scientists and athletes in the more inclusive criterion for psychopathology (i.e., it was either probable or present), whereas both artists and athletes exhibited higher rates than scientists in the stricter criterion for psychopathology (i.e., it was present). Apart from anxiety disorder, athletes did not differ from the U.S. population in lifetime rates of psychopathology, whereas artists differed from the population in terms of alcoholism, anxiety disorder, drug abuse, and depression. These data generally corroborate and replicate previous biographical research on the link between artistic creativity and life-time rates of psychopathology.

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The Role of Schizotypy in Predicting Performance on Figural and Verbal Imagery-Based Measures of Creativity

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity

Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity

How Cognitive Control, Autistic and Schizotypal Traits Shape Context Adaptation of Divergent Thinking

Psychopathology in world-class artistic and scientific creativity.

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