The role of Schistosoma Haematobium in alteration of serum lipid profile among Sudanese schoolchildren

Abstract

Background: Parasitic protozoa and helminthes are responsible for some of the most devastating and prevalent diseases of humans, threatening the lives of nearly one-third of the worldwide human population leading to more than 2 million deaths annually. Objective: determine serum total cholesterol [T.C], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] in patients infected with Schistosoma haematobium. Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sudan between August, 2011 and January, 2013. The study included 250 infected subjects with Schistosoma haematobium[males and females] and 100 volunteers apparently healthy as control. All participants aged 7-12 years. Methods: The concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride LDL and HDL were measured using direct kit methods, and detection of urinary schistosoma haematobium eggs was carried by microscopy. Results: The mean concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] were significantly lower among S. haematobium-infected subjects than in controls irrespective of the age and sex Triglyceride and Cholesterol was significantly low when the concentrations ofova in urine was high [>50], and only the cholesterol was significantly low in female patients compared to males. Conclusion: This study showed that schistosoma infection made significant alteration in plasma lipid levels with a corresponding increase in parasitemia levels in urine.

Lipid Profile in School Children Infected with Urinary Schistosomiasis in Fante Akura-Yeji, Ghana

“…In an attempt to determine the serum lipid profile in S. haematobium infected school children as against healthy controls, this study discovered significantly low LDL-C (p< 0.001) among the infected participants (1.66 ± 0.07) relative to the controls (4.04 ± 0.15). Comparable findings among similar populations have been documented in Sudan and South-Western Nigeria [10,7]. A possible explanation for the reduced LDL-C as observed in this study could be attributed to a similar biochemical alteration that occurs in a Schistosoma mansoni infected individual.…”

“…Traces of triacylglycerols/triglycerides and sterol esters were detected in worm-free incubates from separated worms [17]. This release of triglycerides from S. haematobium could account for the elevated TG levels observed in this study contrary to TG uptake by S. mansoni as reported by other studies [10,18]. Furthermore, according to Haseeb et al [17], female S. haematobium incubated in a group of ten released more free fatty acids than ten incubated singly.…”

“…The most devastating and prevalent human diseases which threaten a third of the world's human population with about 2 million deaths yearly can be traced to parasitic helminths and protozoa [10]. In an attempt to determine the serum lipid profile in S. haematobium infected school children as against healthy controls, this study discovered significantly low LDL-C (p< 0.001) among the infected participants (1.66 ± 0.07) relative to the controls (4.04 ± 0.15).…”

“…Dyslipidemia was revealed concomitantly by Doenhoff et al [8] and da Fonseca et al [9] in schistosomiasis patients as compared with control groups. However, according to Abdelsalam and colleagues, males infected with S. haematobium showed significantly elevated cholesterol levels compared to their female counterparts while heavily infected participants (ova>50) had recorded insignificant variations in their HDL-C levels [10].…”

Schistosoma hematobium infection is associated with significantly reduced lipid profile parameters in West Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The disease is caused by the blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma and has remained a major public health challenge to the human race, infecting approximately 252 million people in the tropics and sub-tropics and causing about 70 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) (Hotez et al, 2014;Ogongo et al, 2022). So far, over 78 countries are affected and approximately 800 million people are exposed to the disease with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) constituting about 13% of the world's population yet, accounts for 90% of cases and an estimated 280,000 deaths each year (Abdelsalam & Alamin, 2015;Ogongo et al, 2022). Schistosomiasis is caused mainly by Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni and causes urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis respectively.…”