The role of roof rats (Rattus rattus) in the spread ofSalmonellaEnteritidis andS. Infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern Japan

Lapuz, Randy Rhon Simoun P.; Tani, Hiroyuki; Sasai, Kazumi; Shirota, Kinya; Katoh, Hiromitsu; Baba, Eiichiroh

doi:10.1017/s095026880700948x

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Similar results have been reported by Nauerby et al (2000), who found identical PFGE patterns between S. Enteritidis PT11 and PT9 strains isolated in Denmark. Lapuz et al (2007) also observed PFGE patterns with high similarity (¢0.80) for S. Enteritidis PT1b and PT6 strains isolated in Japan. According to Tenover et al (1995), the random occurrence of genetic events, such as point mutations, insertions and deletions in DNA, may change PFGE patterns during the course of an outbreak.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Molecular characterization and resistance profile of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains isolated in Brazil

Kottwitz

Scheffer

Dalla-Costa

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A total of 41 Salmonella Enteritidis strains, including phago-types (PTs) PT4 and PT9, were characterized by antimicrobial resistance profiles and PFGE. Of these strains, 34 were isolated from patients and foods, and 7 were of poultry origin. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 41.5 % (n517) were resistant to nalidixic acid. PFGE analysis using XbaI and SpeI restriction enzymes resulted in X1S1 as the prevalent pattern, which was present in 48.8 % (n520) of epidemic strains and in one strain isolated from discarded hatching eggs. Distinct patterns were found for the other strains isolated from poultry (X3S1, X8S8, X11S12, X11S13, X16S1 and X13S15). The S. Enteritidis PT9 strains associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis were highly similar (¢0.90), suggesting clonality. The PFGE genotypes were related to the PTs, and it was possible to differentiate strains isolated from patients with salmonellosis from other strains of non-epidemic origin. The PFGE results suggested that the S. Enteritidis strains of poultry origin were a possible source of human salmonellosis during the study period. INTRODUCTIONSalmonella species are associated with food-borne diseases worldwide. Foods of animal origin, such as poultry meat, eggs and their products, are frequently implicated in outbreaks (Clavijo et al., 2006). In the period 1999-2008, Salmonella species were responsible for 1408 (23.2 %) of the 6062 outbreaks investigated in Brazil, and Salmonella species were responsible for 267 (43. According to epidemiological data from the Central Laboratory of Parana State (LACEN), egg products were associated with 45.0 % of the salmonellosis outbreaks occurring from 1999 to 2008, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis was the predominant serovar found in patient samples (87.8 %) and foods (80.6 %) .Phenotypic methods, such as phago-typing, antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular methods, including analysis of the macrorestriction pattern of chromosomal DNA after PFGE, have been used to characterize S. Enteritidis strains. PFGE has been widely utilized in the molecular characterization of Salmonella species due to the stability of patterns, reproducibility and excellent discriminatory power (Ribot et al., 2002;Peters et al., 2003;Woo, 2005;Zou et al., 2010).Salmonella strains isolated from different sources in the same temporal period and from the same geographical location are likely to be epidemiologically related and to have an identical PFGE restriction pattern independent of the restriction enzyme employed (Tenover et al., 1995). PFGE is capable of discriminating strains of Salmonella of the same serovar and phago-type (PT) (Ahmed et al., 2000; Liebana et al., 2001).The aim of the present study was to characterize S. Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains of poultry origin or isolated from patients and foods involved in salmonellosis outbreaks by antimicrobial resistance profiles and PFGE patterns. An epidemiological co...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Molecular characterization and resistance profile of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains isolated in Brazil

Kottwitz

Scheffer

Dalla-Costa

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Salmonella spp. are also carried by R. rattus, and although they do not appear to have any ill effects on R. rattus, they can be transferred to humans and livestock ( Lapuz et al 2008).…”

Section: Human Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 11.Rattus rattus,the Black Rat (Rodentia: Muridae)

et al. 2014

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“…frogs, lizards, snakes, rodents, badgers, foxes, deer or wild boar) and birds Lowell et al, 2010). Salmonella has been isolated with varying frequencies from various species of wild animals that can come into contact with leafy green production, including wild boar (Vieira-Pinto et al, 2011;Zottola et al, 2013), deer, birds (Benskin et al, 2009;Carlson et al, 2011;Lawson et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2010), rabbits (Vieira-Pinto et al, 2011), rats (Lapuz et al, 2008) and flies (Pava-Ripoll et al, 2012). Wildlife has been suggested as a cause of contamination of the food production and processing chains with Salmonella (Hilbert et al, 2012), but this has very rarely been confirmed microbiologically for leafy greens.…”

Section: Contact With Animal Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non‐animal origin. Part 2 (Salmonella and Norovirus in leafy greens eaten raw as salads)

Publication¹

2014

EFS2

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Leafy greens eaten raw as salads are minimally processed and widely consumed foods. Risk factors for leafy greens contamination by Salmonella spp. and Norovirus were considered in the context of the whole food chain including agricultural production and processing. Available estimates of the prevalence of these pathogens (together with the use of Escherichia coli as an indicator organism) in leafy greens were evaluated. Specific mitigation options relating to contamination of leafy greens were considered and qualitatively assessed. It was concluded that each farm environment represents a unique combination of numerous characteristics that can influence occurrence and persistence of pathogens in leafy greens production. Appropriate implementation of food safety management systems, including Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), should be primary objectives of leafy green producers. The relevance of microbiological criteria applicable to production, processing and at retail/catering were considered. The current legal framework does not include microbiological criteria applicable at primary production which will validate and verify GAP and GHP. It is proposed to define a criterion at primary production of leafy greens which is designated as Hygiene Criterion, and E. coli was identified as suitable for this purpose. A Process Hygiene Criterion for E. coli in leafy green packaging plants or fresh cutting plants was considered and will also give an indication of the degree to which GAP, GHP, GMP or HACCP programs have been implemented. A Food Safety Criterion for Salmonella in leafy greens could be used as a tool to communicate to producers and processors that Salmonella should not be present in the product. Studies on the prevalence and infectivity of Norovirus are limited, and quantitative data on viral load are scarce making establishment of microbiological criteria for Norovirus on leafy greens difficult.

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The role of roof rats (Rattus rattus) in the spread ofSalmonellaEnteritidis andS. Infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern Japan

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular characterization and resistance profile of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains isolated in Brazil

Molecular characterization and resistance profile of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains isolated in Brazil

Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 11.Rattus rattus,the Black Rat (Rodentia: Muridae)

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non‐animal origin. Part 2 (Salmonella and Norovirus in leafy greens eaten raw as salads)

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