The role of receptor interactions in regulating ethylene signal transduction

Gao, Zhiyong; Schäller, G.

doi:10.4161/psb.4.12.9943

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The analysis of gain-of-function mutants etr1-1 and etr1-3 (Bleecker et al, 1988;Chang et al, 1993) has shown that ETR1 mediates ethylene-triggered stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Desikan et al, 2006). However, several current models have revealed that this kind of mutation may affect signal output from the other receptors (Grefen et al, 2008;Gao and Schaller, 2009;Liu and Wen, 2012). Cho et al (2012) also showed that the dominant gain-of-function mutant etr1-1 contains a recessive mutation in ACCUMU-LATION AND REPLICATION3 (ARC3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis

Cai

Lei

et al. 2015

The Plant Journal

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These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYHeterotrimeric G proteins function as key players in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production in plant cells, but whether G proteins mediate ethylene-induced H 2 O 2 production and stomatal closure are not clear. Here, evidences are provided to show the Ga subunit GPA1 as a missing link between ethylene and H 2 O 2 in guard cell ethylene signalling. In wild-type leaves, ethylene-triggered H 2 O 2 synthesis and stomatal closure were dependent on activation of Ga. GPA1 mutants showed the defect of ethylene-induced H 2 O 2 production and stomatal closure, whereas wGa and cGa overexpression lines showed faster stomatal closure and H 2 O 2 production in response to ethylene. Ethylene-triggered H 2 O 2 generation and stomatal closure were impaired in RAN1, ETR1, ERS1 and EIN4 mutants but not impaired in ETR2 and ERS2 mutants. Ga activator and H 2 O 2 rescued the defect of RAN1 and EIN4 mutants or etr1-3 in ethylene-induced H 2 O 2 production and stomatal closure, but only rescued the defect of ERS1 mutants or etr1-1 and etr1-9 in ethylene-induced H 2 O 2 production. Stomata of CTR1 mutants showed constitutive H 2 O 2 production and stomatal closure, but which could be abolished by Ga inhibitor. Stomata of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2 mutants did not close in responses to ethylene, Ga activator or H 2 O 2 , but do generate H 2 O 2 following challenge of ethylene or Ga activator. The data indicate that Ga mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure via H 2 O 2 production, and acts downstream of RAN1, ETR1, ERS1, EIN4 and CTR1 and upstream of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2. The data also show that ETR1 and ERS1 mediate both ethylene and H 2 O 2 signalling in guard cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis

Cai

Lei

et al. 2015

The Plant Journal

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“…Bacterial two-component receptors are modeled to form higher order clusters through direct interactions with adjacent receptors, where the signaling state of one receptor affects the signaling state of surrounding receptors (Bray et al, 1998;Duke and Bray, 1999;Shimizu et al, 2003). Similar models have been invoked for ethylene receptors (Binder and Bleecker, 2003;Binder et al, 2004aBinder et al, , 2004bGao et al, 2008;Grefen et al, 2008;Gao and Schaller, 2009;Liu and Wen, 2012). The crystal structure of the ETR1 receiver domain has been determined, revealing a homodimer that is stabilized by the C terminus, which forms an extended b sheet (Müller-Dieckmann et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Regions in the Receiver Domain of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 Ethylene Receptor of Arabidopsis Important for Functional Divergence

et al. 2015

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Ethylene influences the growth and development of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) via five receptor isoforms. However, the ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 (ETR1) ethylene receptor has unique, and sometimes contrasting, roles from the other receptor isoforms. Prior research indicates that the receiver domain of ETR1 is important for some of these noncanonical roles. We determined that the ETR1 receiver domain is not needed for ETR1's predominant role in mediating responses to the ethylene antagonist, silver. To understand the structure-function relationship underlying the unique roles of the ETR1 receiver domain in the control of specific traits, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis. We chose amino acids that are poorly conserved and are in regions predicted to have altered tertiary structure compared with the receiver domains of the other two receptors that contain a receiver domain, ETR2 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE4. The effects of these mutants on various phenotypes were examined in transgenic, receptor-deficient Arabidopsis plants. Some traits, such as growth in air and growth recovery after the removal of ethylene, were unaffected by these mutations. By contrast, three mutations on one surface of the receiver domain rendered the transgene unable to rescue ethylene-stimulated nutations. Additionally, several mutations on another surface altered germination on salt. Some of these mutations conferred hyperfunctionality to ETR1 in the context of seed germination on salt, but not for other traits, that correlated with increased responsiveness to abscisic acid. Thus, the ETR1 receiver domain has multiple functions where different surfaces are involved in the control of different traits. Models are discussed for these observations.

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“…Alternatively, the signal output of full-length ethylene receptors may be cooperatively mediated to the ETR1 N terminus via a CTR1-indpendent pathway ( Fig. 5A; Gamble et al, 2002;Xie et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2008;Gao and Schaller, 2009;Chen et al, 2010;Liu and Wen, 2012). Given that excess CTR1 7-560 prevents ethylene receptor signaling (Huang et al, 2003), if the constitutive ethyleneresponse phenotype of CTR1-Nox is suppressed by expression of the ETR1 N terminus, ETR1 N-terminal signaling may not be mediated via full-length ethylene receptors.…”

Section: -349mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, etr1-1 1-349 predominantly cooperates with subfamily I receptors to mediate the ethylene receptor signal output (Xie et al, 2006). Biochemical and transformation studies showing that ethylene receptors can form heterodimers and that each receptor is a component of high-molecular-mass complexes explain how ethylene receptors may act cooperatively (Gao et al, 2008;Gao and Schaller, 2009;Chen et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis RTE1 Is Essential to Ethylene Receptor ETR1 Amino-Terminal Signaling Independent of CTR1

Qiu

Xie

et al. 2012

Plant Physiol.

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The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ethylene receptor Ethylene Response1 (ETR1) can mediate the receptor signal output via its carboxyl terminus interacting with the amino (N) terminus of Constitutive Triple Response1 (CTR1) or via its N terminus (etr1 or the dominant ethylene-insensitive etr1-1 1-349 ) by an unknown mechanism. Given that CTR1 is essential to ethylene receptor signaling and that overexpression of Reversion To Ethylene Sensitivity1 (RTE1) promotes ETR1 N-terminal signaling, we evaluated the roles of CTR1 and RTE1 in ETR1 N-terminal signaling. The mutant phenotype of ctr1-1 and ctr1-2 was suppressed in part by the transgenes etr1 1-349 and etr1-1 1-349 , with etr1-1 1-349 conferring ethylene insensitivity. Coexpression of 35S:RTE1 and etr11-349 conferred ethylene insensitivity in ctr1-1, whereas suppression of the ctr1-1 phenotype by etr1 1-349 was prevented by rte1-2. Thus, RTE1 was essential to ETR1 N-terminal signaling independent of the CTR1 pathway. An excess amount of the CTR1 N terminus CTR1 7-560 prevented ethylene receptor signaling, and the CTR1 7-560 overexpressor CTR1-Nox showed a constitutive ethylene response phenotype. Expression of the ETR1 N terminus suppressed the CTR1-Nox phenotype. etr1 restored the ethylene insensitivity conferred by dominant receptor mutant alleles in the ctr1-1 background. Therefore, ETR1 N-terminal signaling was not mediated by full-length ethylene receptors; rather, full-length ethylene receptors acted cooperatively with the ETR1 N terminus to mediate the receptor signal independent of CTR1. ETR1 N-terminal signaling may involve RTE1, receptor cooperation, and negative regulation by the ETR1 carboxyl terminus.

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The role of receptor interactions in regulating ethylene signal transduction

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis

Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis

Identification of Regions in the Receiver Domain of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 Ethylene Receptor of Arabidopsis Important for Functional Divergence

Arabidopsis RTE1 Is Essential to Ethylene Receptor ETR1 Amino-Terminal Signaling Independent of CTR1

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