The role of radiation damage on retention and temperature intervals of helium and hydrogen detrapping in structural materials

A Review of the Application of Rate Theory to Simulate Vacancy Cluster Formation and Interstitial Defect Formation in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel

“…The results demonstrated that in the portions of steel containing only defects (no helium or argon atoms), hydrogen retention was attributed to vacancies, while in the portions exhibiting both displacement damage defects and inert helium or argon atoms, trapping occurred at higher levels due to bubble formation and stress fields [80]. The effect of gas bubble impurities on hydrogen trapping was significantly more prominent than that of displacement damage effects, demonstrating how the implantation of noble gases results in steels with higher hydrogen trapping and retention capabilities [80].…”

“…Although hydrogen retention in materials is related to the number and concentration of trapping sites, the mechanisms with which it is captured and retained is still widely unknown. Tostolutskaya et al analyzed the displacement damage effects on the following ferriticmartensitic steels due to helium, hydrogen, and argon ions: EP-450, EP-852, and RUSFER-EK-181 [80]. In this study, ion implantation, nuclear reaction depth profiling, and thermal desorption spectrometry mechanisms were utilized to assess ion retention and detrapping, specifically for deuterium, while continuum rate theory provided the simulation necessary to determine relevant thermodynamic properties for the deuterium processes [80].…”

“…Tostolutskaya et al analyzed the displacement damage effects on the following ferriticmartensitic steels due to helium, hydrogen, and argon ions: EP-450, EP-852, and RUSFER-EK-181 [80]. In this study, ion implantation, nuclear reaction depth profiling, and thermal desorption spectrometry mechanisms were utilized to assess ion retention and detrapping, specifically for deuterium, while continuum rate theory provided the simulation necessary to determine relevant thermodynamic properties for the deuterium processes [80]. The results demonstrated that in the portions of steel containing only defects (no helium or argon atoms), hydrogen retention was attributed to vacancies, while in the portions exhibiting both displacement damage defects and inert helium or argon atoms, trapping occurred at higher levels due to bubble formation and stress fields [80].…”

“…In this study, ion implantation, nuclear reaction depth profiling, and thermal desorption spectrometry mechanisms were utilized to assess ion retention and detrapping, specifically for deuterium, while continuum rate theory provided the simulation necessary to determine relevant thermodynamic properties for the deuterium processes [80]. The results demonstrated that in the portions of steel containing only defects (no helium or argon atoms), hydrogen retention was attributed to vacancies, while in the portions exhibiting both displacement damage defects and inert helium or argon atoms, trapping occurred at higher levels due to bubble formation and stress fields [80]. The effect of gas bubble impurities on hydrogen trapping was significantly more prominent than that of displacement damage effects, demonstrating how the implantation of noble gases results in steels with higher hydrogen trapping and retention capabilities [80].…”

Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

“…In the last few years, experiments have provided a considerable database on the D retention in undamaged and damaged RAFM and RAFM/RAF-ODS steels irradiated with D ions and exposed to D plasmas [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. In Refs.…”