The role of Public Health Laboratory in the problem os salmonellosis in São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

From 1950 to 1990 a total of 45,862 strains (31,517 isolates from human sources, and 14,345 of non-human origin) were identified at Instituto Adolfo Lutz. No prevalence of any serovars was seen during the period 1950-66 among human sources isolates. Important changing pattern was seen in 1968, when S. Typhimurium surprisingly increased becoming the prevalent serovar in the following decades. During the period of 1970-76, S. Typhimurium represented 77.7% of all serovar of human origin. Significant rise in S. Agona isolation as well as in the number of different serovars among human sources strains were seen in the late 70' and the 80's. More than one hundred different serovars were identified among non-human origin strains. Among serovars isolated from human sources, 74.9%, 15.5%, and 3.7% were recovered from stool, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, respectively. The outbreak of meningitis by S. Grumpensis in the 60's, emphasizes the concept that any Salmonella serovars can be a cause of epidemics, mainly of the nosocomial origin. This evaluation covering a long period shows the important role of the Public Health Laboratory in the surveillance of salmonellosis, one of the most frequent zoonosis in the world.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

“…The observation of MDR correlated with studies performed in European Union and United States which confirm that the MDR is common among S. Typhimurium strains, although the frequency found (43 strains, 15%) was lower than in other countries (Leegaard et al 2000, Nastasi & Mammina 2000, Gorman & Adley 2004, Rabatsky-Ehr et al 2004). The occurrence of MDR was higher in human (81%) than non-human sources (19%), suggesting that, during this period, 1990-2001, the dissemination of these strains may be attributed to human reservoir and the antimicrobial use in humans has resulted in an increasingly high prevalence of multiple resistance (Fernandes et al 1992, Asensi et al 1995, Taunay et al 1996, Kariuki et al 1999). All strains of S. Typhimurium studied were susceptible to the second generation fluoroquinolones, and, 5.6% of them expressed resistance to nalidixic acid (prototypic quinolone).…”

“…Studies reported in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, have also indicated that S. Typhimurium is the second most common serotype isolated from human sources (Tavechio et al1996) and one of the most frequent from non-human sources (Taunay et al 1996). The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has led to an increase in multidrug resistance strains (MDR) (Threfall et al 1993, Glynn et al 1998, Davis et al 1999, Rabatsky et al 2004.…”

“…Typhimurium is a common cause of human salmonellosis in many countries , Leegaard et al 2000, Esaki et al 2004, Martinez-Urtaza et al 2004, Gorman & Adley 2004. It represents the most common serotype isolated from humans and animals in the United States (Bender et al 2001, Rabatsky et al 2004) and the second in the United Kingdom (Martinez-Urtaza et al 2004).Studies reported in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, have also indicated that S. Typhimurium is the second most common serotype isolated from human sources (Tavechio et al1996) and one of the most frequent from non-human sources (Taunay et al 1996). The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has led to an increase in multidrug resistance strains (MDR) (Threfall et al 1993, Glynn et al 1998, Davis et al 1999, Rabatsky et al 2004.…”

Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae serogroup O:16 in a HIV positive patient: case report

“…Although Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae currently comprises 71 distinct serovars (POPOFF & LE MINOR, 2001) human infections due to this microorganism are rarely documented, with less than 1% of isolations (TAUNAY et al, 1996;TAVECHIO et al, 2002). We report the isolation of this species of Salmonella from blood culture of a HIVinfected patient in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.…”

Tracing lineage by phenotypic and genotypic markers in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated in state of São Paulo, Brazil

“…The laboratory surveillance of salmonellosis by serotyping has taken place at the Adolfo Lutz Institute in state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil since the 1940s (Taunay et al 1996. A five-fold increase of Salmonella enterica subsp.…”